Correct Answer: D. Green peace

Explanation

Green Peace is an example of a public pressure group. Public pressure groups are those that seek to achieve their objectives by influencing public opinion and policy. Green Peace does this by advocating for environmental issues.

Correct Answer: A. FEDECO

Correct Answer: A. the actions of the veterans of the two world wars and traditional rulers

Explanation

Reasons for the creation of Local Governments in Nigeria include:

(i)Government at the grass roots:One of the reasons for the creation of local governments is to bring government nearer to the people in the local areas.

(ii) Concentration of powers:The creation helps in reducing the over-concentration of powers in one authority.

(iii) It serves as a link: Local governments serve as a link between the people at the local level and the central government.

(iv)Rapid development:Local areas can now develop faster than before.

(v)Mobilization of re-sources:Both human and material resources can easily be mobilized at the local level.

(vi)Preservation of traditional institutions: Traditional institutions are better preserved at the local level.

(vii)Removal of fears of insecurity:The creation of local governments remove the feeling of insecurity and fears of one ethnic group dominating others.

(viii)Provision of essential services:This will be made readily available to the people at the grassroots.

(ix)Reduction of burden:The burden of the central government is reduced in this respect.

(x)To prepare and develop future leaders:Local governments encourage the development of leadership potentials and prepare them for elective or leadership roles at the local levels.

(xi)Sense of belonging:The creation gives the people the opportunity to participate in matters affecting them, thereby producing sense of belonging.

(xii)To educate the people:Local governments help in educating the people on the activities and policies of the central government.

Correct Answer: A. Karl Marx

Correct Answer: A. aristocracy

Explanation

(a) Organs of the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) are:

(i) The Authority of Heads of State and Government.

(ii) The Council of Ministers

(iii) The Executive Secretariat.

(iv) The Tribunal of the Community.

(v) The Technical and Specialised Commission.

(b) The obstacle that hinders the implementation of the aims and objectives of the ECOWAS are:

(i) Poor infrastructures in member states.

(ii) Political instability in member states.

(iii) Inadequate human and material resources in the sub-region.

(iv) Polarization of member states of ECOWAS into Anglophone and Francophone blocs.

(v) Affinity to former colonial masters

(vi) Fear of domination of the smaller states by the bigger members.

(vii) The reluctance/inability of some member states to contribute their dues.

(viii) Difference in languages has greatly militated against the efficient functioning of the community.

(ix) Uneven development of member states

(x) Absence of a common currency

(xi) Foreign intervention in the domestic affairs of member states.

(xii) Border disputes e.g. Ghana/Togo, Sierra Leone and Guinea.

(xiii) Refugee problem.

(xiv) Production of similar products inhibits inter-state trade.

Correct Answer: D. control political power

Correct Answer: C. making them more efficient

Explanation

(a) constitutionalism; is Strict adherence to the provisions of the Constitution of the land by everyone including the leaders.

(b) i. Existence of a multi-party system.

ii. Entrenchment of Fundamental Human Rights in the constitution.

iii. Free, fair and periodic election.

iv. Existence of free press.

v. Fixed term of office for elected political office holders.

vi. Independent judiciary.

vii. Observance of Rule of Law.

viii. Raising the level of literacy/civic education.

ix. Accountability and transparency in governance.

x. Existence of separation of powers/checks and balance.

xi. Tolerance of opposition/opposing views.

xii. An elaborate process of amending the constitution.

xiii. Nature/system of government.