Explanation

(a) Political participation involves a voluntary participation of individuals or citizens in the political activities of their country. It is a situation process where the citizens have the opportunity of electing their political leaders and taking part in the decision making in their country.

(b) The following are ways in which a citizen can participate in politics:

(i)Contesting elections:This is one form of political participation. The individual or a citizen can stand as a candidate for an elective post to represent his party.

(ii)Joining and belonging to political parties: The individual is actively involved in politics. He takes part in all activities e.g. campaigns, rallies, etc.

(iii)Holding of public offices:The citizen participates in politics by holding public office and this affords him the opportunity of contributing to the decision - making process of his country.

(iv)Sponsoring of political parties: A wealthy individual may not be active politically, but may sponsor a political party and this makes him participate politically.

(v)Partial participation:A citizen may be active politically by attending or taking part in political activities e.g. rallies, conventions, etc. Some also write on political issues in the newspapers.

(vi)Observatory posture: Here, the individual is an observer. He may not belong to any political party but may have interest in politics only by listening to discussions on political issues.

(vii)As a voter:Voting in elections makes an individual to be involved or to participate in politics.

(viii)As a polling agent: A citizen representing his party at the polls is actively involved in politics.

(ix)Demonstration: When citizens take part in demonstration on national issues, they participate in politics.

Correct Answer: C. influence public opinion through media campaigns

Explanation

(i) It provided for the appointment of a Governor-General for Nigeria

(ii) The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Britain was retained as the Highest Court of Appeal.

(iii) Prime Minister: Executive functions were ascribed to the Prime Minister.

(iv) Parliamentary system: It embraced the British Parliamentary system of government.

(v) Fundamental Human Rights: It was entrenched in all the independence constitutions.

(vi) Citizenship: Provision, were made for definition of citizenship and how to acquire it.

(vii) Judicial Service Commission was established for the regulation of the legal practice.

(viii) Public Service Commission was established

(ix) It provided for a bi-cameral legislature i.e., upper and lower houses.

(x) Legislative powers were listed as exclusive, concurrent and residual lists.

(xi) Amendment: It provided procedure for amending the constitution.

Correct Answer: D. of election malpractices

Correct Answer: C. UMBC, AG, NEPU and NCNC

Correct Answer: B. legitimacy

Correct Answer: B. hereditary landlords ruled peasants

Correct Answer: B. the breakdown of democratic institutions

Correct Answer: D. indirect rule

Correct Answer: A. imbalance in the structure and sizes of units of federation