Correct Answer: D. Jean Bodin

Explanation

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies. It was profounded by Jean Bodin, a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parliament of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology.

Correct Answer: C. encroaches on parliamentary power

Explanation

(a) Legitimacy is a political concept which has to do with the citizens' approval, acceptance and recognition of the rights of their political leaders to govern. A government is considered legitimate if it comes to power not through coup or appointments, but through constitutional means. Therefore, elected governments are legitimate. However, it is argued in some quarters that the military in government may attain legitimacy if popular policies are made by it.

(b) Factors that can sustain Legitimacy are:

(i)Good Stable government: If the government policies are good, the people will continue to have trust and confidence in such governments, for example in the areas of providing social amenities and infrastructure, maintenance of law and order, obeying the provisions of the constitution, etc.

(ii)Reliable leadership:Legitimacy may be ascribed to a leader that performs creditably in office.

(iii)Periodic elections: Free and fair elections produce legitimacy. Periodic elections will help to keep it alive.

(iv)Broad based political participation: If political appointments cut across sections of the society, this can strengthen legitimacy in such systems.

(v) Regard for customs and traditions:If the government regards customs and traditions of the people, legitimacy could be sustained, for e.g. heredity is maintained in Benin Monarch, British Monarch , etc.

(vi)Ideology: If the ruling government upholds the principle of the state ideology, this can help to sustain legitimacy, e.g Capitalism in U.S.A.

Correct Answer: A. constitution

Correct Answer: A. Tourism

Correct Answer: D. train local people in the art of governing

Explanation

1. Local Government is important for National Development for many reasons 2. Local Government helps in avoiding local oppositions to Plan 3.Local Government contributes to the Political Stability 4. Local Government provides a sense of participation on the part of people

Explanation

Characteristics of the Civil Service include:

(i)Neutrality: The civil service has to be politically neutral. It cannot take part in partisan politics and if any member wants to contest elections, wants to do so, the option for such member is to resign.

(ii)Permanence: The civil service is a permanent government institution and cannot change with any government and even the one that created it. There is job security for the workers.

(iii)Impartiality: In the civil service, workers are expected to show faith in any government in power. They should serve any government in power without fear or favour, their political leaning and interest not withstanding.

(iv)Anonymity: There is anonymity in the civil service. The civil servants cannot speak to the public especially the press on official issues unless permitted to do so by the minister or permanent secretary. Ministers or Director - Generals have power to speak on issues of government and not the subordinates.

(v)Merits: Employment of workers into the civil service should be based on merits, to enhance productivity.

(vi)Expertise: Civil servants should be experts in the performance of their functions and should display a high level of expertise in this regard.

Correct Answer: A. the executive head of his people

Explanation

(a) Legitimacy is the acceptance and recognition by the people of the right of the ruler to govern.

(b) (i) Popular Support A government is legitimate if it receives the popular support of the citizens.

(ii) Popular Support Participation - For a government to be accorded legitimacy, the citizens must be a allowed to participate in political activities.

(iii) Good Governance-Any government that operates on the tenets of good governance may earn legitimacy.

(iv) Good Leadership-Legitimacy will be accorded to a leader with sterling qualities.

(v) Ideology-The ability of the government to uphold the state ideology will help attain legitimacy.

(vi) Periodic free and fair elections.

(vii) Respect for Fundamental Human Rights/Rule of Law.

(viii) Appreciative level of socio-economic development in the state by the Government.

(ix) International Recognition.

(x) Respect for the customs and traditions of the people.

(xi) Adherence to the provisions of the constitution of the state.

Correct Answer: A. Emir