Correct Answer: B. widespread use of tribunals

Explanation

(a) Public opinion can be defined as the general opinion that the majority of people in a community hold on a given public issue at a particular time.

(b)(i) The use of the mass media should not be interfered with i.e. press freedom should be maintained

(ii) Bureau of information should be established to receive, compile and disseminate information

(iii) Encouraging and allowing freedom of speech and association

(iv) Encouraging the activities of pressure groups and other voluntary organizations.

(v) Encouraging the use of opinion polls on issues of general importance.

(vi) Existence of political parties will help to mold the opinion of the people.

(vii) Responsible and responsive social institutions such as families, religious centers, etc.

Correct Answer: A. the writ of mandamus

Correct Answer: C. socialism

Correct Answer: D. By unilateral action

Correct Answer: C. makes for easy decision making in parliament

Explanation

(i) Obedience of Law: The law of the land should be obeyed

(ii) Educating the citizens: Citizens should be educated on their rights.

(iii) Punishing the rights violators: The violators of the rights of citizens should be punished severely by the court of law

(iv) Separation of powers: There should be adherence to the theory of separation of powers among the organs of government.

(v) Sufficient remuneration of judges: There should be sufficient salaries and remunerations of judges, and these should be from the consolidated funds.

(vi) Immunity of judiciary: There should be immunity of the judiciary so that they can safeguard the rights of citizens.

(vii) Promotion of judges: Judges should be promoted when due, and the promotion should not be from the executive arm of government.

(viii) Independence of the judiciary: Judges must be totally free from every control and interference of the other arms of government.

Correct Answer: B. The Richards Constitution

Explanation

(a)The reasons of holding elections in a state are:

(i) An election makes it possible for the citizens to choose their representatives into government.

(ii)It serves as a process for a smooth change of government in a country.

(iii) An election makes it possible for people to decide the type of policies that should be adopted by Government through party manifestoes.

(iv) It makes it possible for political accountability and renewal of mandates.

(v) It enables people to participate in the government of their country thereby fostering democracy.

(vi) An election is used to measure public opinions on certain political issues in a country.

(vii) It provides for political education/socialization.

(viii) It legitimizes the wining party to form a government.

(ix) It integrates various ethnic and political groups.

(x) It encour-ages and promotes healthy political competition in a country.

(b) Factors that can disqualify a person from voting in democracy are:

(i) Citizenship: An alien may not be allowed to vote.

(ii) Age: An under-aged person may be prevented from voting e.g. below 18 years in most countries.

(iii) Registration: Anybody who fails to register during registration exercise for the election may not be allowed to vote.

(iv) Insanity: An insane person may not be allowed to vote.

(v) Criminality: Certified criminal may be disqualified.

(vi) Impersonation:An impersonator may not be allowed to vote.

(viii) Residence: Anyone who does not reside in a particular locality within a period of time may also be disqualified from voting.

Correct Answer: B. provide essential services and amenities