Correct Answer: B. combined with the legislative branch

Correct Answer: D. Power from the electorate

Correct Answer: B. ensure equal representation of the component units

Correct Answer: B. primaries

Correct Answer: B. Judicial review

Explanation

Judicial review is a process under which executive, legislative and administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.

Correct Answer: C. salaries must be fixed and not subject to arbitary review

Explanation

The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The following are various ways to ensure the independence of the judiciary

Separation of Judiciary from the Executive and Legislature: Judiciary in nigeria is neither a branch of the executive nor a hand-maid of the legislature. It has an independent identity under the Constitution. It enjoys full autonomy in its working.

Appointment of Judges by the President: The method of appointment of judges has been very sound. The Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President. While appointing other judges the Supreme Court, the President consults the Chief Justice of nigeria.

High Qualifications: The Constitution prescribes specific and high qualifications for the Judges. A person eligible for judgeship has to be an nigerian citizen etc.

Long Tenure: Judges of Supreme Court remain in office till they attain the statutory retirement age. This age limit ensures a long tenure for the Judges.

Security of Service: The Judges in Nigeria enjoy good security of service. No judge can be removed from the office except by a very difficult process of impeachment.

High Salary: Every Judge of the Supreme Court gets a high salary. Besides this, each judge is entitled to free residential accommodation, medical allowance and several other perks. Salaries and allowances of judges cannot be reduced during their terms of office, except in the situation of a financial emergency in the country.

Power to Punish the Contempt of Court: Courts in Nigeria have been given the power to punish all cases involving a contempt of court. The Supreme Court can punish any institution or person who is found guilty of contempt of court.

Vast Jurisdiction and the Power of Judicial Review: Judiciary in Nigeria enjoys a vast jurisdiction. It acts as the guardian interpreter of the Constitution, the protector of Fundamental Rights of the people and the arbiter of disputes between the Union and the States. It has the power to determine the constitutional validity of every law.

Correct Answer: B. multi-party system

Explanation

(a) Proletariat is a socialist concept of exploited class/workers in a capitalist system. They do not own the mean of production but earn their living through wage labour.

(b) Features of Socialism are:

(i) State or government ownership and control of means of production, distribution and exchange.

(ii) Single party system, only one legally recognized political party is allowed to exist.

(iii) Goods are mainly produced to satisfy the needs of the people and not for profit.

(iv) There is equitable distribution of income. This is done according to contributions and needs of the citizens.

(v) Centralized planning: Socialist states operate a centrally planned economy.

(vi) Co-operation: All members of the society co-operate to sustain the economy.

(vii) Full employment of all able bodied citizens.

(viii) All factors of production are fully employed in order to produce goods and services.

(ix) Free social services e.g. education and healthy

Explanation

The weaknesses of the Military regime in Nigeria between 1966 and 1975 are:

(i) Lack of administrative and political will to govern:They were trained to defend the country against any foreign aggression and not to rule the people.

(ii)Hostility: The military regime, considering the nature of its, training , cannot tolerate criticisms from members of the public. It is an institution that is adamant and hostile to actions, oppositions, etc.

(iii) Rule by decrees:Most of the decrees and edicts made or enacted by the military cannot be challenged in any law court.

(iv)Dictatorship: Military regimes are based on dictatorship, only a few with hostile tendencies could decide for the masses.

(v) Crime rate:There was an increase in crime rate at this time. Most of the retired soldiers after the war were not properly demobilized and rehabilitated and so many must have taken to criminal activities.

(vi)Independence of Judiciary: This was sometimes made nonsense of because most of the decrees issued contained ouster clauses, thereby rendering the powers of the judiciary inadequate. Judges did not have the jurisdiction to entertain cases especially the ones involving the military.

(vii)Corruption: Corruption permeated all the existing political and economic structures.

(viii)Census: The military was indicted for its failure to conduct and come up with a reliable and realistic population census for the country.

(ix)Wastage of funds: There was wastage and mismanagement of public funds, e.g Cement importation into the country.

(x)Inadequate Control: Men and women of the armed forces were not effectively policed or controlled by the regimes, giving room for high handedness in the system.

(xi)Perpetuation in power: The regime wanted to perpetuate itself in power by dishonouring the handing over date.

Correct Answer: C. legal sovereignty