Correct Answer: C. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

Correct Answer: D. Consolidated Fund

Correct Answer: A. simplifies the electoral process

Explanation

i. Technological needs of West African countries determine their external relations.

ii. Economic development motives also determine the pattern of relationship of West African countries especially with the economically developed nations.

iii. Colonial heritage/ Historical experience of West African countries usually determines the country they relate with.

iv. Trade is another factor that determines the nature of West African countries' external relations.

v. Geographical nearness is a good determinant of West African external relations. Countries that are near to each other are bound to interact.

vi. Military strength/needs/ assistance.

vii Public opinion of the citizens of a country about a particular country can also determine the nature of interaction.

viii. Membership of international organizations e.g. ECOWAS, OAU/AU.

ix. International law and Conventions.

x. Religious affiliations.

xi. Political ideology.

xii. Ethnic and tribal affiliations.

xiv. Demographic/population size.

xv. The system of government in operation, e.g. democracy.

xvi. Natural resources endowment.

xvii. Personality of the leadership.

Explanation

Basic functions performed by a modern Government are:

(i) Law- Making: This is one of the major functions of a modern government and the legislature is the organ responsible for this. (ii) Defence of the Country: The armed forces - Army, Airforce, Navy, have as their constitutional role to defend the country from external interference or aggression.

(iii) Maintenance of law and orders: It is the duty of the government to maintain law and order in the society. The Police is involved in the maintenance of law and order.

(iv) Fundamental Human Rights: The government has to guarantee and promote these rights as entrenched in the constitution.

(v) Interpretation of Laws: The judicial arm of government interprets the law of the country, as well as punish the offenders. This organ is also responsible in the maintenance of justice in any modern government.

(vi) Provision of Social infrastructure: The government has to make sure that these infrastructures are in place e.g. good communication network, health, basic education, water, electricity, etc.

(vii) Economic development: Government promotes and equally participates in economic development of the country, e.g, agricultural and industrial development, etc.

(viii) Provision of Jobs: The government should see provision of jobs as one of the essential functions to perform.

(ix) Formulation and execution of policies: Policies are formulated by the government and the civil service executes the policies made.

(x) Budget: The government is involved in deciding the income and expenditure for a particular year in a country.

Correct Answer: A. only ministers can be held responsible for errors

Correct Answer: A. Communalism

Correct Answer: A. Committee stage

Correct Answer: D. portfolio designates of the party in opposition

Explanation

(i) Constitutional division of powers: Powers are constitutional shared between the central authority and other subordinate units, e.g state and local government

(ii) Derivation of powers from the constitution: The central, state and local governments derive their powers from the constitution

(iii) Supremacy of the constitution: The constitution of a Federal state is powerful and supreme.

(iv) Written and Rigid: The constitution of most federal systems are written and rigid

(v) Separation of powers: The constitution separate the functions and powers among three organs of government, namely: executive, legislature, and judiciary

(vi) Bicameral legislature: Most of the federal constitutions have bicameral legislature. For example, in Nigeria and the USA, there are the senate and the House of Representatives.

(vii) The supreme court: There is always a supreme court that interprets the constitution and decides on any conflict between the Centre and the constituents units

(viii) Equal representation: Every interest group is recognized and represented in federalism.