Correct Answer: C. ombudsman

Explanation

An ombudsman, ombudsperson, ombud, or public advocate is an official who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or a violation of rights.

Correct Answer: D. adjudicate cases

Explanation

The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make statutory law or enforce law, but rather interprets law and applies it to the facts of each case

Correct Answer: C. a constitutional monarch

Explanation

The rule of law refers to the constitutional provision which emphasises the supremacy of the law, equality before the law and the existence of fundamental human rights.

(b) The advantages of the rule of law :

(i)All citizens are given equal treatment irrespective of position or wealth.

(ii) Every citizen within the state has a degree of freedom in all respects.

(iii) All citizens are entitled to respect and dignity of human person.

(iv) Rule of law could lead to the existence of a stable society. Limitations of the rule of law:

(i) Immunities - Diplomatic, presidential, judicial and parliamentary immunities affect the operation of the rule of law.

(ii) The establishment of administrative tribunals negate the operation of the rule of law.

(iii) Emergency situations could curtail the rights of individuals and the operation of the rule of law, e.g. during wars.

(iv)The existence of delegated legislations which might encroach on the rights of individuals negates the operation of the rule of law.

(v) Illiteracy, poverty and ignorance of the citizens about the existence of the rule of law can limit its operation.

(vi) Attitude of government also affects the operation of the rule of law - e.g. refusal by the government to respect judicial decisions.

Correct Answer: A. coercion

Explanation

Secret voting is a method of voting that ensures the voter's privacy in the election process. The key idea is to ensure the voter's choice is confidential which helps to prevent attempts of influence, coercion, or retaliation

Correct Answer: D. enhance efficiency in administration

Explanation

Major functions of Civil/Public Service Commission:

(i) Recruitment: The commission is responsible for recruiting people into the civil/public service through competitive examination and various interviews.

(ii) Promotion: It is responsible for the promotion of top civil servants from one class to the other particularly the promotion of Executive officers to the Administrative cadre.

(iii) Training and scholarship: The commission organizes scholarship and training schemes for the civil servants to broaden their knowledge and to improve their efficiency.

(iv) Transfer of civil/public servants is done by the commission especially from one ministry to the other to broaden their knowledge.

(v) Retirement: The commission has the power to enforce the retirement of civil/public servants when due for retirement.

(vi) Discipline: The commission has power to take disciplinary action against any civil servant found guilty of misconduct. It can issue query, suspend or even punish any erring official.

(vii) It sets up panels to look into grievances of workers including their remuneration and conditions of service.

(viii) It appraises, monitors and evaluates the performance of ministries and departments.

(ix) It advises government on technical matters affecting public service.

Correct Answer: C. tendencies towards secession

Correct Answer: B. common language and culture

Correct Answer: D. United Kingdom