Correct Answer: C. central authority and regional units

Correct Answer: C. merit system

Correct Answer: A. Joseph Garba

Explanation

Reason why Macpherson Constitution of 1951 broke down:

(i) There was no provision for the posts of a premier as head of government for the regions and a Prime-Minister as head of government for the country.

(ii) Macpherson Constitution made, as one of its provisions, ministers to be nominated by the regional legislatures. Ministers, therefore, became loyal to their regions at the expense of the central government.

(iii) Ministers were mere appendages, ministerial responsibilities were not part of the constitution

(iv) The Governor had veto and reserved powers.

(v) Regional legislature had limited powers in law-making and this had to be approved before it could operate.

(vi) The anticipation for political independence as envisaged by the nationalists was not met by this constitution.

(vii) Political parties were region based, for, example, NCNC for the East, AG for the west and NPC for the North. None of them was a national party.

(viii) In 1953, Chief Anthony Enahoro moved a motion in the House of Representatives for self-government for Nigeria to be obtained in 1956. This motion was one of the reasons for the breakdown of Macpherson Constitution.

(ix) The 1953 Kano Riot was another reason for the breakdown.

(x) There was no provision for the three leaders of the parties - NCNC, NPC and A.G. to be part of the central decision-making body. This contributed to the breakdown.

(xi) The crisis of 1953 in the Eastern Region was also part of the breakdown.

(xii) Macpherson Constitution was not able to contain the inter-ethnic rivalry that existed then.

Correct Answer: C. Delimiting the country into constituencies

Explanation

Delimiting the country into constituencies is the division of electoral constituents into smaller units for election purpose. It is usually the job of the electoral commission

Correct Answer: D. provide essential services to the people at minimal cost

Explanation

A Public Corporation can be defined as an organization, set up by an Act of Parliament and its sole purpose is to provide services to the public at an affordable price.

Explanation

(a) Merits (i) Respect for the sovereign equality and territorial integrity of other African States

(ii) Increased Nigerian participation in the liberation movements in all colonial African States.

(iii) Increases rapport and friendly relation-ship with other African States.

(iv) Nigeria's active participation in the development of sports and education among African States

(v) Formation of multilateral economic relationship e.g. Chad Basin Commission, Niger Basin Com-mission, ECOWAS, etc

(vi) Nigerian's active participation in peace keeping operations in Africa e.g. Congo, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Chad.

(vii) Assisting other African nations through corps aid scheme whereby highly qualified personnel are deployed to some African countries.

(viii) It gives Nigeria foreign policy a sense of direction and policy consistency.

Demerits: (i) It imposes heavy financial burden on Nigeria

(ii) It leads to loss of lives through peace keeping operation and liberation activities e.g. Congo, Liberia, Sudan, etc.

(iii) It leads to brain drain from Nigeria to other African States.

(iv) It leads to the influx of citizens of other African countries to Nigeria for greener pasture e.g. Ghana in the 1970s and 80s and now Niger and Mali.

(v) Hostilities: Some African countries which benefited from the policy later became hostile and unfriendly to Nigeria and Nigerians e.g. Angola, Liberia, South Africa, Chad, etc. `

Correct Answer: D. controlling the judiciary

Correct Answer: B. Kari Marx

Explanation

(a)Fundamental Human Rights are the inalienable rights and privileges enjoyed by all citizens of a particular country. These rights are mostly entrenched in the constitution of the state. Some of these rights include freedom of movement, freedom of speech, freedom from inhuman and degrading treatment, freedom from unlawful arrest , torture and detention, freedom to form and joining any political association, freedom of worship, education etc,

(b) Fundamental Human Rights are entrenched in a constitution for the following reasons:

(i) The constitutional rights of the citizens are enhanced and protected.

(ii) This is in compliance with the U. N. 0 's directive on the rights of man.

(iii) Violation of rights can easily be determined.

(iv) It gives opportunity to citizens to seek redress in courts whenever their rights are violated.

(v) It makes for easy reference whenever the need arises.

(vi) The government cannot effect unnecessary change in them. The powers of the political leaders are limited, thereby removing every trace of dictatorial tendency.