Explanation

The following are the features of the cabinet system that distinguish it from the presidential system:

(i)The Prime Minister is the Head of government and the Queen or President is the Head of state.

(ii) The powers of the Head of state are mainly ceremonial.

(iii)The Prime Minister is in charge of the governance of the country. So, he exercises executive powers.

(iv)The Prime Minister and his cabinet members are equally members of the legislature, because they are chosen or drawn from it (parliament).

(v) Separation of powers in this system is not pronounced. The executive and legislative arms of government are fused.

(vi).The authority exercised by the executive is derivable from the parliament, making it responsible to the legislature.

(vii) The Prime Minister is the chairman of all cabinet meetings.

(viii) The party with a majority of seats in parliament controls the executive as well as the legislature.

(ix) The Prime Minister and his cabinet are chosen from the party with a majority of seats in the parliament.

(x) The principle of collective responsibility is in operation in the system.

(xi) The Prime Minister selects his ministers from his party and can equally dismiss them.

(xii) The opposition party in parliament is officially recognised.

(xiii) This system allows the Prime Minister to be controlled by his party.

(xiv) The Prime Minister is the leader of his party in power.

(xv) Only one election is conducted in the system to choose both the members of the legislature and the executive.

(xvi) The Parliament can initiate or pass a vote of no confidence in the executive, thereby forcing the Prime Minister and cabinet members to step down or resign.

(xvii) The failure of any party to win the election by absolute majority may give rise to the formation of a coalition government.

(xviii)The enviable position occupied by the Prime Minister makes him to be regarded as "Primes inter pares," meaning first among equals.

(xix)The house of Lords in Britain, is the highest court of appeal.

(xx)Britain runs a two-party system, one forming the government and the other opposition.

(xxi)If the ruling party controls a sizable majority in the parliament, stability is ensured in the system.

Correct Answer: B. provide alternatives

Correct Answer: B. National Universities Commission

Correct Answer: D. a bill

Explanation

The various stages of passing a bill into law are:

(i)First Reading:This stage involves the minister or a law-maker (depending on the nature of the bill presenting to the clerk, the draft of a bill. The clerk has to notify the law-makers about the bill. Then, he reads out to them the title of the bill. This will then be printed out in leaflets and distributed to all the members of the parliament to study.

(ii)Second Reading:The minister or a member of the parliament presenting this draft bill will at this stage explain to the members the purpose of the bill. It will now be open for members to debate over the bill and to stand for or against the bill and whether it should be read a second time. This will be put into vote and if the majority of the members vote in favour, the bill scales to the next stage, but if not, that brings an end to the bill. The bill is not amended at this stage.

(iii)Committee stage: At this stage, the bill is referred to a committee of the house. This committee will examine the bill paragraph by paragraph and amendment is proposed and also voted for. The bill will be referred to and considered in different committees and amendment made.

(iv) Report stage:This is the reporting back of all the different committees to the House. The reports and the amendments to the committees are made known to the House.

(v) Third Reading: This stage requires a careful look at the bill in order to correct some anomalies traceable to the drafting or with the amendment of the bill. If the bill is passed, it then moves to the Upper House, where it has to undergo the same process as in the Lower House. If the Upper House has any area of disagreement with the bill, both Houses have to set up joint committee to finally iron things out.

(vi)Assent: The bill is then sent to the President for his assent before it becomes a law.

Correct Answer: A. Constituency

Correct Answer: D. representative and accountable

Correct Answer: B. communism

Correct Answer: B. the rule of law

Explanation

Rule of law is the principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced. A corrupt judicial system will undermine the principle of rule of law and act superior

Correct Answer: C. a series of agitations by the educated elite