Correct Answer: D. 109 senators and 360 members of the House of Representatives

Explanation

The basic principles on which the United Nations Organisation (UNO) was founded are:

(i) The organisation is based on the principle of sovereign equality of member states.

(ii) All member states must settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a way as not to endanger international peace and security.

(iii) The organisation is to ensure that members and non members do not act in any way that can be prejudicial to the maintenance of international peace and security.

(iv) Member states are to refrain from threat or use of force in their international relations in any manner that is inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.

(v) Members are to fulfill the obligation they have assumed under the charter in good faith.

(vi) Members are pledged to give every assistance to the United Nations in any action it takes in accordance with the charter and they are to refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the organisation is taking enforcement actions.

(vii)Military assistance is provided by the organisation in times of need.

(viii)The organisation is to promote democratic principles through the observation of elections in member states, donation of election materials and discouragement of military rule.

Correct Answer: A. removes the fears of threat and victimization

Correct Answer: A. John Beecroft

Correct Answer: C. writ of Mandamus

Explanation

A (writ of) mandamus is an order from a court to an inferior government official ordering the government official to properly fulfill their official duties or correct an abuse of discretion.

Explanation

The methods used by pressure groups to achieve their objectives are:

(i) Demonstration / Protest: Pres-sure groups can demonstrate or protest against a government policy through rioting, hijacking and holding people as hostages.

(ii) Work-to-rule: No extra work is done apart from the normal working period.

(iii) Strike: Pressure groups may refuse to work to back up their demand.

(iv) Debates and Symposia I Workshop: These are organised to educate the people on their work and also their stand on some issues.

(v) Lobbying: This is done through legislators to persuade policy makers when policies are being made.

(vi) Boycott: Sometimes, pressure groups refuse to co-operate with the authorities until their demands are met.

(vii) Sending a delegation: Pressure groups select some of their members to discuss their problems with the government or decision-makers.

(viii) Propaganda / Letters to the press: Pressure groups write letters to the press to educate the public and to show their stand on important policies.

(ix) Special publications: This is done either in the press, handbills or a booklet to publicize their action.

(x) Presentation of gift: In West Africa, a common feature of pressure groups is to present gifts (gratifications) to policy makers to influence their decisions on certain issues.

(xi) Alliance with political parties and candidates who are perceived to be sympathetic to their cause.

(xii) Ultimatum: This is the final statement of conditions which pressure groups issue to be accepted by the government without which action they deem necessary will be taken.

Correct Answer: A. adjournment

Correct Answer: B. Monrovia group

Explanation

Not available

Correct Answer: A. Conference

Explanation

Before the advent of colonial rule the people of British West African territory, e.g. Nigeria governed themselves in the following ways:

(i) The people were governed by custom, rules and norms.

(ii) The paramount chief was at the apex of the administration.

(iii)The chiefs and council of elders made laws, i.e., they were the lawmakers.

(iv) The age grades executed laws

(v) The traditional rulers and elders exercised legislative, executive and judicial powers, i.e., there was no separation of powers.

(vi) The chief priests and the secret societies performed religious functions and checked arbitrary use of power by chiefs.

(vii) Queen mothers and palace women performed important roles, e.g. 5. settling disputes among women, advising the chiefs etc.

(viii) The commoners also performed important roles, e.g. 6. manual labour for community development and defence.

(ix) Revenue was raised through tributes and taxes.