Correct Answer: A. primary election

Correct Answer: C. authoritarian and totalitarain

Explanation

(i) Entrenchment of Fundamental Human Rights in the constitution

(ii) The existence and operation of the principle of the Rule of Law.

(iii) Independence of the judiciary

(iv) Freedom of the press is essential.

(v) Existence of vibrant opposition

(vi) Existence of pressure groups in the society

(vii) Enlightenment programmes that will make the citizens to be aware of their rights.

(viii) Respect for international conventions on Human Rights by the government

(ix) Establishment of Human Rights Commission e.g. Ombudsman or Public Complaints Commission.

(x) Proper and efficient enforcement of law and order.

(xi) Upholding the doctrine of separation of powers with appropriate checks and balances.

(xii) Reduction in poverty level in the society.

Correct Answer: A. president

Correct Answer: A. Italy

Explanation

(I) The desire to ensure that they totally eliminate the political party or group they unlawfully overthrew from power.

(ii) The fear that when a group that is opposed to them comes to power, they may reverse the very reasons or principles which made them stage the coup.

(iii) When they taste political power and realise that it is sweet with all the privileges that go with it, they find it difficult to go back to the barracks.

(iv) Having overthrown a government, they also become stained with the very vices they wish to wipe out. They have the fear of being prosecuted for it, therefore they stay on in power

(v) Some of the soldiers begin to feel that they are better administrators than their civilian counterparts and so would want to stay on in power.

(vi) They consider themselves as social-political and economic Saviour. They wish to continue in power until they are able to uproot all the social vices in the state

(vii) The support from civilians who benefit from military administration.

(viii) Recognition given to military government by other countries.

(ix) The inordinate ambition to remain in power for life by some military Heads of State.

(x) Due to the possession of instruments of coercion and force

(xi) Disunity among civilian politicians who could not offer effective opposition and create hatred and disaffection to military rule.

Explanation

(i) There were cultural differences between the French people and the people of West Africa. The French people did not put the culture of their West African counterparts into consideration before introducing the policy of Assimilation.

(ii) The policy was inflexible and highly discriminatory e.g. dual citizenship, taxation, etc.

(iii) One of the factors for its failure was the reduction in the power of the traditional chiefs.

(iv) The system was a financial burden on the people of France who therefore criticized it.

(v) The French intellectual and merchants were opposed to the policy that would create equality between the Frenchmen and Africans.

(vi) The success of indirect rule system in Nigeria motivated the need for a change of the French policy so as to make the system flexible.

(vii) The Second World War and its aftermath and effects compelled the French to abandon assimilation.

(viii) The rise to power of President Charles De Gaule and his determination to replace Assimilation with Association.

(ix) indignant policy and its implementation - (force labour, jail without trial) etc. was visited on the subjects which made assimilation unpopular and objectionable.

Correct Answer: C. civil servants should be loyal to the governement and non-partisan

Explanation

Neutrality in the civil service means Civil servants shall at all times ensure that their behaviour would not impede their performance of official duties in a fair and professional manner. They shall not allow their own personal political affiliation or beliefs to determine or influence the discharge of their official duties and responsibilities.

Correct Answer: B. Economic

Correct Answer: C. small homogeneous country