Correct Answer: A. Most parts of Africa lies within the tropics

Correct Answer: A. There is abundant rainfall

Correct Answer: C. Free movement of people in the sub-region

Correct Answer: D. Rome

Explanation

(a) Objectives of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS):

(i) Promote economic co-operation.

(ii) Promote trade among member countries.

(iii) Ensure cultural co-operation such as sports, education, etc.

(iv) Contribute to a common fund.

(v) Cooperate in joint military operation, e.g. ECOMOG.

(vi) Promote free movement of people without visa.

(vii) Promote peace among member countries.

(viii) Create joint partnership for the development of transport.

(ix) Take a common stand on world issues

(x) Eventually establish a common currency.

(b) Problems Hindering the Achievement of ECOWAS Objectives:

(i) Language barrier. (ii) Differences in political ideology. (iii) Differences in currency.

(iv) Political instability. (v) Poor transportation and communication network. (vi) Non-payment of dues.

(vii) Allegiance to former colonial masters. (viii) Problem of debt burden.

(ix) Multifarious organizations/existence of economic blocks. (x) Existence of trade barriers.

(xi) Fear of domination. (xii) Excessive travel documentation. (xiii)Non-implementation of agreed programmes.

(xiv) Smuggling/economic sabotage. (xv) Similarity of products.

(c) Ways in which the Problems can be Solved:. (i) Improved transport and communication network.

(ii) Good governance or political stability. (iii) Prompt payment of dues.

(iv) Improved border patrols.

(v) Trade liberalization. (vi) Discouragement of smaller unions.

(vii) Implementation of agreed programmes.

(viii) Diversification of economy. (ix) Teaching of modern languages in schools

(x) Establishing and using a common currency.

(xi) Respect for ideologies of individual states.

(xii) Less cumbersome travel documentation procedures.

(xiii) Reassurance of sovereignty of states. (xiv) More commitment to ECOWAS.

Correct Answer: B. Atmospheric resources

Explanation

(a) (i) source of to government. (ii) Employment (iii) Provision of goods (iv) Foreign investment. (v) Transfer of technology (vi) Foreign exchange.

(vii) Improvement of standard of living.

(viii) Infrastructural Promotes international trade (x) conservation of foreign exchange.

(xi) Income to employees.

(xii) funding of education and research

(xiii) Control of inflation.

(xiv) Diversification of economy.

(xv) Skill acquisition/manpower development.

(xvi) Reduction of over dependence on imported goods.

(xvii) Development

(xxiii) Increase in Gross National Product (GNP).

(xix) Stimulation Of Other sectors.

(xx) Boosts international image.

(b) problems that Retard Industrialization in Nigeria: (i) Inadequate capital. (ii) Inadequate

power supply. (iii) Low level of technology.

(iv) Shortage of raw materials

(v) High cost of production.

(vi) Inadequate research.

(vii) Most products are consumer goods

(viii) Poor policy implementation.

(ix) Inadequate social amenities/poor infrastructural facilities.

(x) Low quality of products.

(xi) political instability.

(xii) Transportation problem•

(xiii) Poor management. (xiv) Poor maintenance culture. (xv) Industrial unrest.

(xvi) Difficulty in sourcing foreign exchange. (xvii) Low per capita income/purchasing power.

(xviii) Scarcity of spare parts. (xix) High rate of importation!preference for foreign goods.

(xx) High taxation/tariff. (xxi) Inadequate skilled manpower. (xxi) Low level of commitment to work due to poor wages.

(xxii) Under-utilization of productive capacities. (xxiii) High interest rate. (xxiv) Land ownership problem.

(xxv) Limited entrepreneurs. (xxvi) Smuggling. (xxvii) Inconsistent policies. (xxviii) High rate of inflation. (xxix) High dependence on foreign inputs.

(c) How the Problems can be solved:

solved: (i) Ban of importation. (ii) Improvement in power supplies. (iii) Manpower training.

(iv) Good maintenance culture.

(v) Proper implementation of policies.

(vi) Using locally sourced raw materials.

(vii) Control of inflation. (viii) Improvement in technology/technology transfer.

(ix) Political stability.

(x) Intensive research and development.

(xi) Development of infrastructure/social amenities. (xii) Improvement

in wages/salaries.

(xiii) Production of high value goods. (xiv) Loans to investors/low interest rate.

(xv) Production of intermediate and capital goods. (xvi) Improvement in quality of goods.

(xvii) Local fabrication of spare parts.

(xviii) Improved border control.

(xix) Improvement in management.

(xx) Granting of tax holiday/incentives to investors. (xxi) Consistency in government policy. (xxii) Establishment of industrial estates/land use reforms.

(xxiii) Sensitization on the use of local products. (xxiv) Introduction of entrepreneurship courses.

Correct Answer: C. International trade

Correct Answer: C. Long share drift and wave depositions

Correct Answer: D. A confluence