Explanation

(a) Factors responsible for the very high population density in North - East of USA are:

(i) Presence of great deposits of iron and coal

(ii) Location of many industries

(iii) Favourable climate conducive for human habitation

(iv)Availability of jobs which make population to increase

(iv) Heavy trading of manufactured goods within and outside the industrial zone of USA.

(b) Factors which favour the high population density in the Indus and Ganges deltas

(i) Abundance of rainfall which ensures smooth agricultural activities

(ii) The soils are very fertile

(iii) Intensive agricultural activities attract people to the area (they grow 2-3 crops in a year)

(iv) Favourable climate conducive for intensive farming.

Explanation

(b) Four ways in which cocoa is important to me economy of Nigeria

(i) Cocoa provides foreign exchange for the country

(ii) It is used in making beverages e.g, Bournvita

(iii) It provides raw materials, e.g cocoa for industries

(iv) It also provides employments to some people involved in cocoa production

(c) There problems facing the cultivation of cocoa

(i) The problem of pests and diseases

(ii) Poor processing of cocoa beans

(iii) Poor quality of cocoa species, some are low yielding.

Explanation

(a) Similarities between road and railway as major means of transportation are

(i) Both road and railway are located on land

(ii) Both are relatively cheap

(iii) Both can be used to transport people and goods from one place to another

(b) Differences between transportation by road and railway

Explanation

(b) Effects of climate on the rainforest belt:

(i) High rainfall the year round makes the vegetation to be evergreen

(ii) High temperature also contributes to the vegetative growth of plants

(iii) Abundance of sunshine and high relative humidity also contribute to the luxuriant growth cf forest trees.

(c) Two resources found in rainforests are:

(i) Timber

- Used in the construction of houses and furniture

-Timber can also be used as fuel wood

(ii) Wild animals

- Used as food, e.g bush meat

- Serves as game

Correct Answer: D. the older fold mountains have been subjectd to the forces of denudation for longer, geological periods

Explanation

(a) Six factors which have favoured the development of Iron and Steel industry in the Ruhr region

(i) Availability of coal which provides cheap source of coke for processing iron ore

(ii) Availability of Iron ore

(iii) Presence of Rhine which is one of the most navigable rivers in Europe, enables raw materials and goods to be moved between North Sea and Ruhr region

(iv) Good network of excellent roads linking Rhine valley with the rest of West Germany

(v) Abundance of soft, clear water

(vi) By-products of Iron and steel industry leads to the development of chemical industries

(b) Six factors which have favoured the development of Textile industries in Great Britain;

(i) Availability of raw materials, e.g cotton, wool, silk and linen etc.

(ii) Presence of coal which makes it possible for steam power to replace water power

(iii) Abundance of soft water which is essential to removing the grease from wool before it is spun

(iv) Abundance of skilled labour

(v) Availability of large market

(vi) Well developed centres and ports for the export of textile.

Correct Answer: D. 2.40p.m

Explanation

(a) Four reasons why countries exchange goods and services

(i) Natural resources; Natural resources of the world are unevenly distributed e.g Nigeria's petroleum is sold to Brazil in exchange for vehicles, sugar and communication equipment.

(ii) Degree of Industrial Development; Due to high technical knowledge and expertise which a country has in the production of goods and electronic equipment than other countries e.g Japan specialises in the production of electronic equipment

(iii) Some crops are more suited to certain climatic condition. Crops like cocoa, cotton, etc, grow in tropical regions while crops like wheat, barley and oats grow well in temperate regions

(iv) Geographical Situation;Some countries have situations which enable them to take part in trade between contrasting economies e.g Singapore handles much of South East Asia's trade

(b) Reasons for low volume of trade between Nigeria and the rest of Africa are

(i) African countries produce goods which are very similar, leaving little or no room for exchange

(ii) Nigerians have a high taste for imported goods from foreign countries. These goods are not produced by other African countries

(iii) Nigeria's foreign exchange earnings from African countries is very low - about 20%

(iv) Prices of goods offered by African countries are usually very low compared with foreign countries

(v) African countries demand for very low quantity of goods unlike foreign countries.

Explanation

Similarities between the lines of latitude and longitude:

(i) Both latitude and longitude are used to locate position of places

(ii) Both are measured in degrees

(iii) Both are angular distance of a point on the earth's surf

(b)(i) Bombay (74°E)

(a) Find the longitude differences between Banjul and Bombay = (16°W and 74°E) = 74°E + 16°W = 90°

(b) Convert 90° to time. Note 15° = 1 hour

15° 6hrs

90° = 6 hours

(c) Since Bombay is east of Banjul, the 6 hours are added to the 9.00am. i.e 9.00am + 6 hours = 3.00p.m the day i.e 26th June. The listeners in Bombay will listen to commentary at 3.00pm on 26/6

(b) (ii) Pittsburg (80°W)

(a) Find the longitude difference between Banjul and Pittsburg = (80°W - 16°W) = 64°

(b) Convert 65° to time. Note 15° = 1 hr

15 4 hrs

64

60

4° x 4 mins = 16 minutes

Time difference = 4hrs 16 minutes

(c) Since Pittsburg is West of Banjul, the 4 hrs 16 mins are subtracted from 9.00a.m

i.e 9.00a.m - 4hrs 16 mins = 9.00

4.16

4.44 hours

The time and date listeners in Pittsburg will listen to the commentary is 4.44am the same day 26th June.

Explanation

(b) Rubber is produced or extracted from the tre( a process called tapping. Early in the morning rubber farmer goes to tap his rubber trees by making a cut on them. Below each cut he places a cup it which the milky juice caked latex drips. This is collected in pails in the evening. The latex is mixed with certain chemicals which make it to coagulate. it is rolled into sheets and smoked to a brown colt and are later sold to local buying agents.

(c) Three problems which may hinder the large scale production of rubber include:

(i) It takes the rubber trees long to mature - about 6 to 8 years

(ii) Presence of poor quality or low yielding varieties of rubber

(iii) Pests diseases attack on rubber also reduces the yield