Correct Answer: D. uranus

Correct Answer: C. Floodplains, ox-bow lakes and deltas

Explanation

(a)(i) Dispersed settlement: This form of settlement is made up of several houses which are scattered or dispersed in nature. One house may be up to one or more kilometres from the next. It is associated with rural farming and farmlands are usually behind buildings Farmlands are intensively tilled.

Dispersed settlements are mainly engaged in primary activities with few social amenities. It presents a quiet social life

(ii) Linear settlement This form of settlement stretches along physical features such as elongated escarpment, lakes, etc. It could be straight or curved communication lines along railways, roads, foot paths, etc. Linear settlement is mainly rural in nature which may constitute extension of towns on their outskirts It could be sublinear where roads meet and are of several kilometres in length.

Gardens are located behind the houses while farmlands exist behind gardens.

(b) Factores that favor the location of settlements

(i) Location at a river confluence, e.g Lokoja (Nigeria). Khartoun (Sudan) St Louis (USA)

(ii) Location at where a river is shallow or narrow. e.g Oxford (England), Paris (France), Rome (Italy)

(iii) Location at the exit or the entrance of gorges e.g. Bingen and Bonn (Germany)

(iv) Location at river bend or meander, e.g Telok Anson on tne Perak River Meander (Malaysia). Orleans on River Rhone (France)

(v) Location at where there is an Indentation on the coast line. eg Lagos (Nigeria), Freetown (Sierra Leone) RIO de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Tokyo (Japan)

(c) Functions of Urban Settlements

(i) Provides social services

(ii) Commercial functions

(iii) Provision of employment Serves and residential function

(v) Serves as administrative/political function (vi) Educational centres

(viii) Individual function

Correct Answer: C. it required total rejection of African culture

Correct Answer: C. Liberia

Correct Answer: A. hygrometer

Explanation

The instrument used to measure relative humidity is called hygrometer. The hygrometer consist of wet and dry bulb thermometer placed side by side in the sterensonscreen.

Correct Answer: A. terracing, irrigation and research

Correct Answer: D. 9 pm

Explanation

(a) Hot Desert Climate

Location:Found within latitude 15°— 30°North and South of the Equator. It is mostly common in the Western side of continents. Examples are North Africa (Sahara desertss); Arabia (Arabian desert), Iran (Iranian desert); Southern Africa (Namib and Kalahari deserts); Australia (Great Australian desert); South America (Atacama desert). Hot desert can as well be located on plateaux such as Gobi, and Turkestan, Patagonia desert

Characteristics

(i) High temperature of about 50° — 77°C.

(ii) Annual range of temperature is about 11°C

(iii) It is rainless or arid Annual rainfall is low and less than 250mm

(v) High evaporation ratio due to high temperature

(vi) Relative humidity is low and about 30%

(vii) Mostly affected by the currents e.g Canary cold current affecting the Sahara desert.

(viii) Solar radiation and sunshine hours are high throughout the year.

(ix) Rainfall is convectional, hence sudden and violent

(x) Clear sky

(xi) Soil is sandy, rocky or stony

Vegetation

(1) The existence of sparse and scanty vegetation.

(2) Examples are grasses, shrubs and herbs

(3) Most plants are drought-resistant (Xerophytes)

(4) Example of plants are Acacia, Date palm, Cactus

Some plants are salt tolerant (Halophytes)

(6) Plants usually possess long root to tap water from the underground

(7) Some plants have thick succulent stems to conserve water

(8) Small, waxy, leathery, hairy / needle leaves to reduce transpiration.

Human Activity

(i) Food gathering, especially of fruits and nuts

(ii) Hunting for wild animals

(iii) Pastoral farming Crop cultivation particularly of grains with irrigation e.g millet, sorghum,

(v) Trading and mining also exist.

Explanation

(a) Ways in which air transportation is different from water transportation

(i) Air transportation is faster than water transportation

(ii) Water transport is more suitable for carrying bulky goods than air transport

(iii) Air transport can be used to reach the most remote, most distant and most inhospitable places on earth (in terms of climate) water transport is limited to water bodies only

(iv) water transport is interrupted by hazards of rapids, falls and fogs while air transport is disrupted by visibility alone

(v) Air transport costs more than water transportation in the hauling of goods and services

(vi) Air transport is used for movement of human beings, perishable and precious goods ti water transport.

(b) Major contributions of transportation to national development:

(i) Enhances communication

(ii) Promotes trade

(iii) Generates employment

(iv) Generates revenue

(v) Income for workers

(vi) Promotes tour

(vii) Enhances military movement

(c) problems of water transportation in tropical Africa:

(i) Capital intensive dredging of harbours and waterways

(ii) Seasonal fluctuation of water level

(iii) Presence of water-weeds

(iv) Presence of rapids and falls

(v) Pilfering of goods at seaports

(vi) Sand spits and sand bars

(vii) Inadequate goy to carry at some seaports.