Correct Answer: D. Zeugens and rock pedestals

Explanation

Zeugens and rock pedestals are landforms that can be found in desert areas. Zeugens are formed by wind erosion and are characterized by a ridge and furrow landscape. Rock pedestals are also formed by wind erosion, where a rock formation is reduced to a column because the lower parts have been more heavily eroded than the upper parts.

Correct Answer: A. make an accurate map of a part of the earth's surface

Correct Answer: B. confluence town

Explanation

Confluence town is a place where two or more rivers join together to form a single channel.

Correct Answer: D. plucking

Correct Answer: B. stack

Correct Answer: C. Cyclonic

Explanation

(a) Four factors that determine population distribution are;

(i) Climate: temperature extremes, i.e too high and too low temperature lead to sparse population while moderate temperature leads to dense population

(ii) Relief; Low relief leads to dense population while rugged relief leads to sparse population

(iii) Minerals: Presence of minerals leads to high population while absence of minerals leads to low population

(iv) Soil:Fertile soil attracts dense population while poor soils attract low population

(b) Two types of population movement are:

(i) Rural-Urban Movement

(ii) Urban-Rural Movement

(c) Four problems of Rural-Urban migration

(i) Population pressure on land

(ii) Congestion (traffic, housing)

(iii) Increase in crime wave

(iv) Unemployment

Correct Answer: A. coal and iron ore

Explanation

(a)Importance of water transportation in international trade

(i) It covers long distances, thus linking all continents for trade purposes.

(ii) It is the cheapest means of transporting goods and services.

(iii) It carries bulky goods.

(iv) It has natural routes, so little or no cost on construction except on the harbor.

(v) The maintenance cost of the harbour is relatively low.

(vi) It is relatively safe and so highly used even for movement of passengers / labour.

(vii) Can move or transport wide variety of goods.

(viii) It is available for all nations to use.

(ix) It assists in exchange of ideas and innovations

(b) Limitations of water transportation

(1) It is slow for passenger and perishable goods.

(2) The seasonality of some rivers

(3) Only for countries with ports and coastline can use sea and ocean transport

(4) Not flexible, that is door-to-door service is not possible.

(5) High cost of acquiring ships

(6) Limited capital to construct and maintain sea ports.

(7) Problem of technical knowledge in ship maintenance

(8) Ports may be silted or even frozen.

(9) Highly affected negatively by climate, icebergs and storms on ocean.

(10) Presence of water weeds, cataracts, rapid waterfalls and tree stumps.

(11) High cost of dredging of ports.

(12) Sea sickness to passengers on board

(13) Presence of dangerous aquatic animals.

(c) Solution to limitations

(i) Construction of canals to reach landlocked countries.

(ii) Improved technology such as construction of refrigerated vessels / compartments for perishable goods.

(iii) Construction of dams and locks

(iv) Construction of fast moving ships.

(v) Uses of ice-breakers

(vi) Continuous clearing of weeds

(vii) Improved technology and installation of navigational aids.

(viii) Continuous dredging of ports and water-ways.

(ix) Granting of soft loans for construction and of maintenance of ports.

(x) Installation of protective devices against dangerous water animals.

(xi) Government and private sector partnership involvement in the development of water transportation.

Correct Answer: B. mineral matter, organic matter, air and water