Explanation

Rocks Examples

Sedimentary rocks Coal, limestone, chalk, gypsum, clay, etc

Metamorphic rocks Slate, marble, graphite, quartzite, schist, gneiss, etc

(b) The main differences between sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are as follows:

(i) Permeability: Sedimentary rocks are more permeable while metamorphic rocks are more impervious.

(ii) Fossils;The fossils in metamorphic rocks have been destroyed by heat and pressure while sedimentary rocks have beautiful fossils

(iii) Jointing: The sedimentary rocks are more jointed than the metamorphic rocks

(v) Mineralogy:Metamorphic rocks contain non-ferrous minerals while sedimentary rocks contain hydrocarbons as minerals

(vi) Lustres:Metamorphic rocks are crystaline while sedimentary rocks are non-crystaline

(vii) Relief: Sedimentary rocks generally subtend lower relief than metamorphic rocks

(viii) Mode of formation: Metamorphic rocks are formed due to heat and intense pressure while sedimentary rocks are formed through deposition of weathered materials, remains of organic matter and evaporation of chemically charged water. Metamorphic rocks are formed out of existing rocks whereas sedimentary rocks are products of weathering.

Correct Answer: D. Weathering → erosion → deposition

Correct Answer: C. Rain water percolates easily through limestone rocks

Explanation

(a) (i) Industrial towns in Nigeria:

- Lagos

- Ibadan

- Aba-

- Port Harcourt

- Kaduna

- Jos

- Sango Ota

- Onitsha

- Kano

- Zaria

- Nkalagu

(ii) Types of industrial activities in each of the towns:

Lagos -Textile, breweries, flour mills. confectionery, etc.

Ibadan- Brewery, rubber or plastic, cigarette making, etc.

Aba- Furniture, leather works, footwear, etc

Port Harcourt- Petro chemicals, explosive, soap making, etc.

Kaduna- Car assembly, oil refining, textiles, etc.

Sango Ota- Breweries, construction materials

Jos- Tin smelting, flour mill, confectioneries, soap making, etc.

Kano- Meat canning, Textiles, Vegetable oil milling, flour mills, etc.

Zaria- Cigarette making, oil mills, flour mills, etc.

Nkalagu- Cement making, ceramics, etc.

(b) Contributions of industries to the economic development of Nigeria:

- Employment opportunities

- Infrastructural development

- Stimulation of other sectors

- Manpower development/skill acquisition

- Diversification of the economy

- Encourages international trade

- Funding of education and research

- Foreign exchange earnings

- Foreign exchange conservation

- Transfer of technology

- National prestige

- Improved standard of living

- Sources of raw materials to other industries

- Provision of goods

- Growth of ancillary industries

- Growth of towns

- Favourable balance of trade

- Control of inflation

- Provision of revenue to the government

(C) Problems limiting industrial development in Nigeria:

- Inadequate skilled manpower.

- Shortage of raw materials

- Insufficient capital/Difficulty of sourcing funds

- Low level of technology

- High cost of production

- Poor attitude to work

- Inadequate/poor industrial

- Inadequate skilled labour/man research.

- Poor communication network

- Underutilization of production capacity

- Difficulty in sourcing foreign exchange

- Economic sabotage /smuggling

- lnadequate social amenities

- Insecurity

- High tax/tariff

- Uunfavourable government policy

- Difficulty in the acquisition of land

- Poor maintenance culture

- Labour unrest

- High cost of spare parts/ inadequate spare parts

- Low purchasing power

- Poor transport network/infrastructure.

- Shortage of entrepreneurs

- Poor management

- Inadequate power Supply/ erratic supply.

- Small market for industrial goods.

- Taste for foreign goods

- Competition from foreign goods

- Political instability/poor governance

- High degree of foreign dependence.

Explanation

(a)(i) The indication of features in the map area should be done on the geographical maps given

(ii) The shading of the area above 925 feet in the North-East should equally be done on the map extract

(b)(i) Actual distance on map = 28 0cm. Since the scale reads, 1:50,000, Therefore measurement on paper is multiplied by the scale and divided by 100,000 i.e =28 x 50,000k= 14km

100,000

The actual distance on land is 4km

(ii) Type of rock is limestone;

(iii) The possible industry is cement factory

(c)(i) Communication: Roads avoid areas liable to flood

(ii) There are many footpaths

(iii) There are limited roads due to many streams

(iv) The secondary road in the North-East avoids river valleys

(ii) Settlement:

(i) Fewer settlements in the West due to lack of surface water

(ii) Dispersed settlement in search of surface water

(iii) There are more settlements near the river valleys in the east

(iv) Settlements avoid areas liable to flood

(d)(i) The presence of river makes fishing possible

(ii) The presence of scrubland makes cattle rearing possible

(iii) The presence of scattered cultivation which makes farming to be possible

Correct Answer: C. The earth rotates on its axis while it revolves round the sun on an elliptical orbit

Correct Answer: D. blow towards the Horse Latitudes

Correct Answer: C. R

Correct Answer: A. aviation industry

Correct Answer: C. adequate luxuriant vegetation cover