Correct Answer: B. markets

Correct Answer: B. batholith

Correct Answer: C. badama

Explanation

(a) Factors favouring the location of brewery industry

(i) Nearness to market

(ii) Availability of raw materials

(iii) Regular power supply

(iv) Availability of capital

(v) Adequate transportation facilities

(vi) Government policy

(vii) Availability of technical know-how

(viii) Availability of labour.

(b) Contributions of manufacturing industries to the economic development of tropical Africa

(i) Provision of employment opportunities

(ii) Earning of foreign exchange

(iii) Infrastructural development

(iv) Diversification of the economy

(v) increase in Gross National Product (GNP), improvement in standard of living

(vi) Provision of goods and services

(vii) Transfer of technology.

(viii) Encouragement of international trade

(ix) Revenue to government through taxes

(x) Help in funding of education and research (ETF)

(xi) Stimulation of other sectors of the economy

(xii) Control of inflation through mass production.

(c) Problems facing manufacturing industries in tropical Africa

(i) Poor management

(ii) Inadequate capital

(iii) Inadequate skilled labour

(iv) shortage of raw materials

(v) Poor transportation network

(vi) Inadequate or erratic power supply

(vii) Low purchasing power due to poor income / small market for industrial goods.

(viii) High cost of spare parts

(ix) Political instability

(x) Competition from foreign goods

(xi) Low level of entrepreneurship

(xii) Taste for foreign goods.

Correct Answer: D. integrated transport system involving all modes

Correct Answer: C. 108°

Explanation

(a) Four reasons why countries exchange goods and services

(i) Natural resources; Natural resources of the world are unevenly distributed e.g Nigeria's petroleum is sold to Brazil in exchange for vehicles, sugar and communication equipment.

(ii) Degree of Industrial Development; Due to high technical knowledge and expertise which a country has in the production of goods and electronic equipment than other countries e.g Japan specialises in the production of electronic equipment

(iii) Some crops are more suited to certain climatic condition. Crops like cocoa, cotton, etc, grow in tropical regions while crops like wheat, barley and oats grow well in temperate regions

(iv) Geographical Situation;Some countries have situations which enable them to take part in trade between contrasting economies e.g Singapore handles much of South East Asia's trade

(b) Reasons for low volume of trade between Nigeria and the rest of Africa are

(i) African countries produce goods which are very similar, leaving little or no room for exchange

(ii) Nigerians have a high taste for imported goods from foreign countries. These goods are not produced by other African countries

(iii) Nigeria's foreign exchange earnings from African countries is very low - about 20%

(iv) Prices of goods offered by African countries are usually very low compared with foreign countries

(v) African countries demand for very low quantity of goods unlike foreign countries.

Correct Answer: C. coniferous forest

Explanation

(a) Location:Tropical grasslands are located in the tropics while temperate grasslands are located in temperate latitude. Again tropical grasslands are found between 10° and 30° North and South while temperate grassland are found between 30° and 40° North and South of the Equator

(b) Climate:Tropical grassland has moderate rainfall (25-150cm) while temperate grassland has lower rainfall (40-50cm) Tropical grassland is not all the year round but temperate grassland has cold winter and warm summers. In tropical grassland, summer temperature is 32°C and 21°C while temperate grassland has 18°C in summer and —19°C in winter.

(c) Characteristics:Tropical grassland contains scattered trees while temperate grassland is almost treeless. Trees in the tropical grassland are bigger than those of temperate-grassland.jropical grasses are tough while temperate grasses are succulent. Example of tropical grass is elephant grass while temperate grass is willow.

Correct Answer: C. vertical section of the soil