Explanation

(a) Problems of Barter

(i) Double coincidence of wants: The two parties in the exchange must need what each has

(ii) Inaccurate valuation of items of exchange: There is a problem of calculating the value of the goods.

(iii) Transportation of goods: The ned to move heavy goods for exchange purpose creates a lot of problems.

(iv) Storing of wealth is difficult because they are all in goods which could get damaged when not in use

(v) There is no form of credit because goods have to be physically exchanged at the point of transaction.

(vi) There is no unit of account as a result no standard numerical unit of measurement of the market value of goods and services.

(vi) Waste of time and energy: This is because of the delay experienced during the search for somebody to exchange with.

(b) The ways by which introduction of Money has solved the problem of barter.

(i) Double Coincidence of wants: With money you can sell what you have and Use the money to buy what you want thus eliminating double coincidence of wants.

(ii) Valuation of items - with - the introduction of money, goods can be priced at market prevailing rate.

(iii) The need to transport items to location for exchange is removed as the owner of goods could sell them anywhere and use the money to buy something else that he/she might need/ Convenience in carrying money around portability of money.

(iv) Storing of wealth: - Money unlike other commodities can he kept for a long period without deterioration.

(v) With the introduction of money, one can now buy on credit with a promise to pay later.

(vi) The introduction of money has made it possible to measure peoples properties and value of goods and services.

Correct Answer: A. stock

Correct Answer: C. after - sales service

Correct Answer: A. effectiveness of factors

Correct Answer: B. 53.5 million

Correct Answer: A. public corporation

Correct Answer: B. Interest

Correct Answer: D) Partners

Explanation

The options given are A) Factors, B) Brokers, C) Del credere agents, and D) Partners. We are asked to choose which one is not a type of commission salesman.

Factors are commission agents who deal with the sale of goods on behalf of their clients. Brokers are intermediaries who connect buyers and sellers of goods or services. Del credere agents are commission agents who guarantee the payment of goods sold to the buyer.

The correct answer is D) Partners. Partners are not commission salesman. They are business owners who share ownership and management responsibilities in a business.

To summarize, the question is asking which of the given options is not a type of commission salesman. The correct answer is D) Partners, as partners are not commission salesman but rather business owners

Explanation

(a) Examples of small - scale retail outlet are: (i) Hawking (ii) Street retailing (iii) Small stores (iv) Mobile shops (v) Tied shops. (vi) Vending machines.

Examples of large- scale retail outlet are: (i) Departmental stores (ii) Super markets (iii) Multiple stores (iv) Hypermarket. (v) Co-operative shops (vi) Mail order.

(b) Reasons for the survival of small - scale retailers are:

(i) Small scale retail trade requires small capital.

(ii) It provides door -to - door services and customers do not have to go far in order to get their needs.

(iii) Low overhead cost.

(iv) Prices of goods sold in small scale retail outlets are low.

(v) There is incentive for hardwork since ownership instills pride and the drive for success.

(vi) Small scale retail trade is carried out with flexible policies, rule and regulation.

(vii) Decision making is quick.

(viii) Small retailers enjoy greater flexibility in opening hours.

Correct Answer: D. Commercial services