The condensation of several amino acid molecules gives

• A. long chain alkanoic acids
• B. secondary alkanols
• C. alkanoates
• D. proteins

(a)(i) Mention two types of bond present in the ammonium ion

(ii) Give three characteristic properties of electrovalent compounds

(iii) State. two differences between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions

(b) Two elements represented by the letters and Y have atomic numbers 9 and 12 respectively.

(i) Write the electronic configuration of X using the s,p,d, notation

(ii) To what group does Y belong in the periodic table?

(iii) Write the formula of the compound formed when X copibines with Y

(iv) Explain wily X is a good oxidizing agent

(v) State with reason, whether Y would be expected to form acidic or basic oxide

(c) Balance the following nuclear equations and identify the particles represented by X and Y.

(i) \(^{14}_6C\) \(\to\) X + \(^{14}_7N\)

(ii) \(^{14}_7C\)

Y \(\to\) \(^1_1H\) + \(^{17}_8O\)

(d) Consider the following list of substances: Carbon (IV) oxide, hydrogen, zinc, sulphier, methane, potassium and mercury. From the list above, state the:

(i) elements that are metals

(ii) compounds that are gases at room temperature

(iii) non-metals that are solids at room temperature

Which of the following statements is true of an endothermic reaction? I. Heat is absorbed from the surrounding II. The heat content of the products is more than that of the reactants III. The enthalpy change is positive IV. The surrounding is at a lower temperature than the system.

• A. l only
• B. l and ll only
• C. l,ll and lll only
• D. l, ll, lll and lV

Which of the following measures is not suitable for controlling water pollution?

• A. treating industrial effluent and domestic sewage before discharge into water
• B. Controlling the use of agrochemicals
• C. recycling industrial and agricultural wastes
• D. burning industrial and agricultural wastes before discharge into water ways

One of the characteristics of transition metals is

• A. reducing ability
• B. ductility
• C. ability to conduct electricity
• D. formation of coloured ions

The key factor to be considered in siting a chemical industry is

• A. favourable climatic conditions
• B. the availability of space to store raw materials
• C. its nearness to other industrial establishments
• D. its nearness to the source of raw materials

Which of the following electron transition results in the emission of energy?

• A. 3p to 3s
• B. 3p to 4p
• C. 2s to 2p
• D. 1s to 2s

Which of the following pollutants is biodegradable?

• A. Domestic sewage
• B. Metal scraps
• C. Radioactive waste
• D. Plastic foil

Which of the following factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions can be explained in terms of the collision theory? l. concentration ll. pressure lll. temperature lV catalyst

• A. l and ll only
• B. l, ll and lll only
• C. l and lll only
• D. l, lll and IV only

(i) State Two assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases

(ii) When some solids are heated, they change directly into the gaseous state. What narne is given to this phenomenon?

(iii) List two substances which exhibit the phenomenon referred to in (a)(ii) above

(iv) Write an expression to show the mathematical relationship between the rate of diffusion of a gas and its vapour density.

(b) Consider the following equilibrium reaction:

3Fe\(_{(s)}\) + 4H\(_2\)O\(_{(g)}\) \(\rightleftharpoons\) FeO\(_3\)O\(_{4(s)}\) + 4H\(_{2(g)}\), \(\Delta\)H = - 150KJ mol\(^{-1}\)

Explain the effect of the following factors on the position of equilibrium: (i) tecrease in temperature; (ii) Increase in pressure; (iii) Removal of hydrogen.

(c) . Three beakers labelled P, Q and S each contained zinc metal of the same mass but in different forms. P contained a length of zinc rod, Q contained zinc dust while S contained zinc foil. 100cm\(^3\) of 5.0 mol dm\(^{-3}\) hydrochloric acid was added to each beaker to react with all the zinc.

(i) State the order in which the reaction came to completion in beakers P,Q and S starting with the fastest.

(ii) Give reason for your answer in (c)(i) above

(iii) Write an equation to represent the reaction between zinc rid the hydrochloric acid.

(d) (i) What is meant by pH of a solution?

(ii)(I) State with reason in each case whether the pH would increase, decrease or remain constant if the following experiments were carried out Neutralizing bench HNO\(_3\);

II. Diluting 25.0 cm\(^3\) of a given NaOH solution to 100.0cm\(^3\) Concentrating a solution of NaCI.