The following are properties of transition metals except

• A. variable oxidation states
• B. tendency to form complext ions
• C. formation of coloured ions
• D. low melting points

(a) Give the name of the:

(i) process for obtaining ethanol from sugars;

(ii) compound produced when ethanol undergoes bacterial oxidation.

(iii) enzyme in yeast which catalyses the conversion of maltose to glucose.

(b)(i) Write the structural formula of ethanol

(ii) Name the organic product formed when propanoic acid reacts with ethanol.

Which of the following are found immediately next to the skull?

• A. I
• B. II
• C. III
• D. IV

(a) The elements listed below to the same group in the Periodic Table \(_9F\) \(_{17}CI\) \(_{35}Br\) \(_{53}I\).

(i) Write the electronic structure of the first member

(ii) What is the family name of the elements.

(iii) Which of the elements has the strongest oxidizing ability?

(b) Use the information provided in the following table to answer Questions (i) to (ii) below

(b)(i) Which of the chlorides would exist as discrete molecules?

(ii) What type of bonding holds atoms of A and chlorine together in ACI?

(iii) Which of the chlorides would be a good conductor of electricity?

A solution of pH 7 is

• A. acidic
• B. neutral
• C. concentrated
• D. dilute

(a) List two gases which are monatomic

(b) Mention one gas which forms:

(i) dense white fumes with ammonia vapour

(ii) yellow precipitate with ammoniacal silver trioxonitrate (V) solution.

When an atom gains an electron, it becomes properties

• A. chemically inactive
• B. negatively charged
• C. oxidized
• D. a cation

(a) What is the anhydride of each of the following acids?:

(i) H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

(ii) HNO\(_3\)

(b) Classify each of the: following as normal salt/acid salt/basic salt/double salt

(i) Sodium hydrogentrioxocarbonate (IV)

(ii) Iron (III) chloride

(iii) Sodium ethanoate.

The component of air that can be removed by alkaline pyrogallol solution is

• A. oxygen
• B. nitrogen
• C. water vapour
• D. carbon (IV) oxide

(a)(i) List three factors which affect the discharge of ions during electrolysis

(ii) Describe in outline, the purification of copper by electrolysis.

(b) the following data were collected in an experiment on electrolysis:

(i) Copy and complete the table above calculating the quantity of electricity passed in each case

(ii) Plot a graph of the mass of M deposited against the quantity of electricity passed.

(iii) From the graph, determine the mass of M that was deposited by the same current passing for 20 minutes.

(iv) From the shape of the graph, which of the laws of electrolysis does the experiment verify?