Correct Answer: B) CO₂

Correct Answer: C) chromatography

Correct Answer: C) Gay Lussac

Explanation

The given reaction is:

\(N_{2(g)} + 3H_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2NH_{3(g)}\)

The ratio of reactants to products is 1: 3: 2, which means that one mole of nitrogen gas reacts with three moles of hydrogen gas to produce two moles of ammonia gas.

The law that is demonstrated by this reaction isGay Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes. This law states that when gases react together, they do so in volumes that bear a simple whole number ratio to one another, provided that the volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

In this reaction, the volume of nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, and ammonia gas are in the ratio of 1: 3: 2, which is a simple whole number ratio. Therefore, Gay Lussac's Law is demonstrated by this reaction.

Correct Answer: C) 5.3g

Correct Answer: B) +2

Correct Answer: D) 4

Correct Answer: B) NaCl

Correct Answer: C) dissolves when it absorbs moistures

Explanation

Hygroscopicity is a property of substances that enables them to absorb moisture from the air. This means that if a substance is hygroscopic, it can absorb water vapour from the atmosphere. The question is asking us to identify what it means for a substance to be hygroscopic. From the options given, option C is correct. A substance is said to be hygroscopic if it dissolves when it absorbs moisture.

Hygroscopic substances are commonly used as drying agents or desiccants due to their ability to absorb moisture. Examples of hygroscopic substances include calcium chloride, silica gel, and concentrated sulfuric acid. When these substances are exposed to air, they can absorb moisture and become wet. This property is useful in many different industrial and scientific applications, including the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and the storage of electronic components.

Option A, which states that a substance that is hygroscopic does not absorb moisture, is incorrect. Option B, which states that a substance that is hygroscopic is suspended in water, is also incorrect. Option D, which states that a substance that is hygroscopic hydrolyzes in water, is incorrect as well.

In summary, a substance is said to be hygroscopic if it dissolves when it absorbs moisture. This property is useful in many different applications and is exhibited by certain substances such as calcium chloride, silica gel, and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Correct Answer: A) Esterification

Explanation

This question is asking how alkanoates are produced from alkanols. Alkanoates are organic compounds that contain a carboxylate group (-COO-) and an alkyl group. They are commonly used in flavorings, fragrances, and as solvents.

The options provided are:

A) Esterification

B) Fermentation

C) Saponification

D) Oxidation

The correct answer is option A, Esterification. Esterification is the process of combining an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester and water. In this case, an alkanol (an alcohol with an alkyl group) is combined with a carboxylic acid to form an alkanoate and water. This reaction is catalyzed by an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The general formula for the reaction is:

R-OH + R'-COOH ? R'-COOR + H2O

Where R and R' are alkyl groups.

Fermentation (option B) is a process where microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Saponification (option C) is a process where fats or oils are hydrolyzed (broken down by water) with the help of a strong base to form soap and glycerol. Oxidation (option D) is a process where a substance loses electrons, resulting in an increase in its oxidation state.

It is important to note that the proper nomenclature for alkanoates is to add the suffix -oate to the stem name of the parent alkane. For example, the alkanoate derived from ethane (C2H6) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) is called ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3).

In summary, alkanoates are produced from alkanols by esterification, which involves combining an alkanol with a carboxylic acid to form an alkanoate and water, catalyzed by an acid catalyst. Fermentation, saponification, and oxidation are not the correct processes for producing alkanoates from alkanols.

Correct Answer: C) Carbon (II) oxide