Correct Answer: D. Ethanoic acid

Correct Answer: B. Attraction between the atomic unclei and cloud of electrons

Correct Answer: C) coating of steel to prevent rusting

Explanation

Vulcanization is a chemical process that converts natural rubber and other polydiene elastomers into cross-linked polymers. The most common vulcanization agent is sulfur.

Sulfur dyes are the most commonly used dyes manufactured for cotton in terms of volume. They are cheap, generally have good wash-fastness, and are easy to apply. Sulfur dyes are predominantly black, brown, and dark blue.

Finally, sulphur is used manufacture of tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid. In the first step, sulfur is burned to produce sulfur dioxide. This is then oxidized to sulfur trioxide using oxygen in the presence of a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst.

On the other hand, corrision takes place when sulphur reacts with water causing sulphuric acid which is a high corrodant material.

Correct Answer: A. concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid

Explanation

(a) Helium or Neon or Argon (i.e. all noble gases)

(b)(i) Hydrogen chloride gas

(ii) Ethyne of propyne or but-1-nye.

Explanation

(a)(i) They are used for fuels

(ii) Butane

(iii) General formula C\(_n\)H\(_{2n + 2}\) or C\(_x\)H\(_{2x + 2}\)

2x + 2 = 22; x = 222 x = 10; Formula is C\(_{10}\)H\(_{22}\) and Molar mass = (12 x 10) + (1 x 22) = 142g

(iv) Addition reaction (2) combustion

(b)(i) Hydrogenation or addition of hydrogen

(ii) To decolorize or bleach it

(iii) Finely divided nickel

(c)(i) Alkanoates

(ii) Vegetable oils and caustic soda or potash solution is then added later to salt out or separate the soap (from the glycerol)

(iii) The presence of Ca\(^{2+}\) in water causes hardness. The ion react with soap to form a precipitate (scum) until all the Ca\(^{2+}\) is removed. The soap does not form a lather and is thus wasted

Correct Answer: A) 0.64

Correct Answer: C. polymer

Correct Answer: C. 82 oC – 84 oC

Correct Answer: C) deposition and evolution

Explanation

In the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes, we have two processes occurring at the anode and cathode. Let's examine each process separately.

Anode: The anode is the positive electrode where oxidation occurs. During the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate, copper atoms from the anode lose two electrons and go into the solution as copper ions (Cu²⁺). This process is called dissolution. The half-equation for this process is:

\(Cu(s) \rightarrow Cu^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-\)

Cathode: The cathode is the negative electrode where reduction occurs. Copper ions (Cu²⁺) from the solution gain two electrons and get deposited on the cathode as copper atoms. This process is called deposition. The half-equation for this process is:

So, during the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes, the processes that occur at the anode and cathode respectively are dissolution and deposition, which corresponds toOption C.