Correct Answer: C)

\(^3_1H\)

Explanation

Correct Answer: D) it has incomplete outer shell d-electrons

Explanation

Option A suggests that a transition metal has an octet configuration. However, this is not true. Transition metals usually have more than eight electrons in their outer shell, and they can also have incomplete d-orbitals.

Option B states that a transition metal is very stable. While transition metals are generally stable, this is not a defining characteristic that sets them apart from non-transition metals.

Option C mentions that a transition metal is coloured. This is true for many transition metals, but not all of them. Also, some non-transition metals can be coloured too, so this is not a definitive characteristic.

Option D is the correct answer. A transition metal has incomplete outer shell d-electrons. This is what sets them apart from non-transition metals. The d-electrons in transition metals are responsible for their unique physical and chemical properties.

Option E states that a transition metal has no electron in the d-orbital. This is not true, as transition metals have electrons in their d-orbitals.

In summary, the correct difference between a transition metal and a non-transition metal is that a transition metal has incomplete outer shell d-electrons. This is what gives them their unique properties.

Correct Answer: C. hexagonal

Correct Answer: C) magnesium ribbon

Correct Answer: C. Methane

Correct Answer: D. SO₃^2- ions

Explanation

Effervescence is the formation of gas bubbles in a liquid by a chemical reaction. An example of effervescence is the release of carbon dioxide which bubbles as a gas from the liquid when limestone chips, which are composed of calcium carbonate, are added to dilute hydrochloric acid.

Correct Answer: B) hydroscopic

Explanation

(a)(i) Acetylene

(ii) Ethene

(b) The structural formula of acetylene (ethyne) is CH=CH. The process of converting acetylene to neoprene rubber is polymerization.

(i) The product of complete dehydration of potatoes is mainly starch.

(ii) the conversion of potatoes to ethanol involves the following process. Pressure cook the potatoes to release the starch granules. Treat the starch granules with malt and the malt supplies an enzyme called diastase which hydrolyse the starch to a sugar, maltose. At room temperature, yeast is then added which supplies the enzyme maltose that catalyse the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose. Finally, another enzyme of yeast, zymase, catalyses the decomposition of glucose to ethanol and carbon(IV) oxide.

i.e. \(C_6H_{12}O_{6(aq)} \to 2C_2H_5OH_{(aq)} + 2CO_{2(g)}\)

zymase

(iii) The technique is the distillation process. Give the diagram of the distillation

Correct Answer: A. Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid

Explanation

(a) (i) Polymerization is the combination of many molecules of the same kind to form a complex molecule Conc. H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) without gain or loss of material.

(b)(i) \(CH_3CH_2CH_2OH_{(aq)}\) ---> (CH_2CHCH_3\) + (\(H_2SO_4 + H_2O\)).

(ii) \(CH_3CH_2CH_2OH_{(aq)}\) + CHOOH --> \(CH_3CH_2CH_2OH_{(l)}\) + H\(_2\)O\(_{(l)}\)

(i) & (ii) are respectively dehydration and condensation type of reactions.

(c)(i) Carbon 40.O% = \(\frac{40}{12}\) = 3.33 moles ; Hydrogen 6.7% moles

\(\frac{6.7}{1} = 6.7\) moles

Oxygen 53.3% = \(\frac{53.3}{16}\) = 3.33 moles

Divide through by smaller number

i.e. C \(\frac{33}{3.33}\) : H \(\frac{6.7}{3.33}\) : O \(\frac{3.33}{3.33}\)

C = 1: H = 2.0: O = 1

Empirical formula = CH\(_2\)O(CH\(2\)O)x = 180

i.e. (30)x = 180

x = \(\frac{180}{30}\) = 6

Molecular formula = \(C_6H_{12}O_6\)

(ii) The intermolecular bonding in ethanoic acid is hydrogen bonding while the butane molecules are only aggregated by weak van der Waals.