Correct Answer: B. an elimination reaction

Correct Answer: D) +5

Correct Answer: C. l and lll only

Correct Answer: C) Tollen's reagent

Correct Answer: A. Nitrogen

Correct Answer: D) trioxosulphate (IV) salt

Correct Answer: D) A P-block element

Explanation

First, let's understand the electronic configuration given: 1s\(^2\), 2s\(^2\), 2p\(^6\), 3s\(^2\), 3p\(^4\). This configuration shows the distribution of electrons in the energy levels and sublevels of the element's atom.

To identify the element, we can add up the total number of electrons: 2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 4 = 16 electrons. The element with 16 electrons is sulfur (S).

Now, let's analyze the options:

Option A: metal - Sulfur is a non-metal, so this option is incorrect.

Option B: An alkaline earth metal - Alkaline earth metals belong to Group 2 of the periodic table and have their outer electrons in the S sublevel (specifically, in the form of ns\(^2\). Sulfur does not fit this description, so this option is incorrect.

Option C: An S-block element - S-block elements are found in Groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table, and their outer electrons are in the S sublevel. Sulfur's outer electrons are in the 3p sublevel, so this option is incorrect.

Option D: A P-block element (Correct) - P-block elements are found in Groups 13-18 of the periodic table, and their outer electrons are in the P sublevel. Sulfur is in Group 16, and its outer electrons are in the 3p sublevel, so this option is correct.

In summary, an element with the electronic configuration 1s\(^2\), 2s\(^2\), 2p\(^6\), 3s\(^2\), 3p\(^4\) is sulfur, which is a P-block element.

Correct Answer: D. ΔG = O

Correct Answer: C) cyclohexane

Explanation

Catalytic hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which hydrogen is added to a molecule in the presence of a catalyst, usually a transition metal like palladium, platinum, or nickel. In this case, the molecule is benzene, which is a six-membered ring with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds.

When benzene undergoes catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms in the ring, breaking the double bonds and forming single bonds. This process converts the benzene molecule into a fully saturated, non-aromatic hydrocarbon called cyclohexane. So, the correct answer isOption C: cyclohexane.

It's important to note that this reaction reduces the aromaticity of benzene, which is a highly stable and unreactive compound due to its delocalized pi electrons. Aromatic compounds, like benzene, are characterized by their ability to undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions. However, under certain conditions and with the presence of a catalyst, benzene can be hydrogenated to form cyclohexane.

As for the other options, they are incorrect because: