Addition of sodium chloride to water to form a solution would lead to?

• A. increase in freezing point and increase the boiling point
• B. increase in freezing point and decrease the boiling point
• C. decrease in freezing point and decrease the boiling point
• D. decrease in freezing point and increase the boiling point

Which of the following ions is a pollutant in drinking water even in trace amounts?

• A. Ca²⁺
• B. Hg²⁺
• C. Mg²⁺
• D. Fe²⁺

Alkenes can be manufactured by

• A. the combustion of alkanes.
• B. the cracking of hydrocarbons.
• C. polymerization reactions.
• D. addition of hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils.

A nuclide emits a beta-particle (e) in the process, that atomic number

• A. increases by 1 while the mass numer remains constant
• B. decreases by 2 while the mass number remains constant
• C. remains constant while the mass number decreases by 2
• D. remains constant while the mass number increases by 1

Copper metal will react with concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid to give?

• A. Cu(NO₃)₃ + NO + N₂O₄+ H₂
• B. Cu(NO₃)₂+ NO + H₂O
• C. CuO + NO₂+ H₂O
• D. Cu(NO₂)₃+ NO₂ + HO

(a) (i) What is a structural isomer?

(ii) Write all the structural isomeric alkanols with the molecular formula C\(_4\)H\(_{10}\)O.

(iii) Which of the isomers from (a)(ii) above does not react easily on heating with acidified K\(_2\)Cr\(_2\)O\(_7\)?

(b) Chlorine reacted with excessentane in the presence of light. Chloropentane and a gas which fumes on cont with air were produced.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction.

(ii) Draw the structure of the major product.

(iii) What is the role of light in the reaction?

(iv) If a mixture of pentane and the major product is heated, which compounc would distil off first? Give a reason for your answer.

(v) Write the formula of the main product that would have be formed if but -1-ene has been used instead of pentane.

(c) Give the name and structural formula of the product which would be formed by hydration of each of the followinc compounds:

(i) CH\(_3\)CH(CH\(_3\))CH=CH\(_2\); (ii) CH\(_2\)=CHCOOH.

(d) (i) Write the structure of the amino acid, CH\(_3\)CH(NH\(_2\))COOH in: I. acidic medium; II. alkaline medium.

(ii) On analysis, an ammonium salt cf an alkanoic acid gave 60.5% carbon and 6.5% hydrogen. If 0.309 g of the salt yielded 0.0313 g of nitrogen, determine the empirical formula cf the salt. [H = 1.00; C =12.0; N =14.0; O = 16.0]

Hydrogen bonds are formed between molecules containing a hydrogen atom bonded to a

• A. strongly electronegative atom
• B. non-polar species
• C. diatomic element
• D. complex ion

The number of protons or electrons of an atom represents its

• A) electronegativity
• B) period
• C) number of shells
• D) atomic number

Sodium hydroxide is prepared commercially from sodium chloride solution by?

• A. electrolysis using mercury as cathode
• B. hydrolysis in steam using a catalyst
• C. electrolysis using iron as anode
• D. treating sodium chloride with ammonia and carbon (IV) oxide

The most suitable indicator for the reaction between NaOH and HCOOH is?

• A. bromocresol
• B. methyl orange
• C. methyl red
• D. phenolphthalein