Correct Answer: D) 172.14cm³

Explanation

To explain this question, we need to understand the concept of gas laws, particularly the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The combined gas law formula is:

\[\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\]

Where \(P_1\) and \(P_2\) are the initial and final pressures, \(V_1\) and \(V_2\) are the initial and final volumes, and \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) are the initial and final temperatures.

In this problem, we are given the volume of hydrogen gas (\(V_1\)) collected over water at 30

Correct Answer: D) nitric acid to sodium hydroxide

Explanation

A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base, which results in the formation of a salt and water. In this case, the correct answer isOption D: nitric acid to sodium hydroxide.

Nitric acid (HNO₃) is an acid, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base. When they react together, they produce a salt (sodium nitrate, NaNO₃) and water (H₂O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

\[ HNO_3 + NaOH \rightarrow NaNO_3 + H_2O \]

The other options do not represent neutralization reactions:

Option A involves converting one acid (nitric acid) to another acid (hydrochloric acid), which is not a neutralization reaction.

Option B involves converting one acid (nitric acid) to another acid (sulphuric acid), which is also not a neutralization reaction.

Option C is incomplete, as it only mentions nitric acid and distilled water, but does not mention a base.

Option E involves sodium chloride (a salt) and distilled water, but does not involve an acid and a base reacting together.

In summary, neutralization reactions involve an acid and a base reacting together to produce a salt and water. In this question, only Option D represents a neutralization reaction.

Explanation

(a) Nucleons refer to the protons and neutrons that are found in the nucleus OR Nucleons are nuclear particles which are protons and neutrons.

(b) Graham's law of diffusion states that, at constant temperature and pressure, the rate of diffussion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density or molar mass or vapour density

(c) Aluminum oxide layer forms on the surface of the metal. The oxide layer forms a potective coating layer which does not flake off.

(d) — atomic radius, Ionic radius, ionization energy. —redox potentials, electronegativity, electron affinity. — melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity.

(e) — Molecules of real gases have significant attractive forces between them.

— The volume of the molecules of real gases is not negligible.

--- Collision between the molecules are not perfectly elastic.

(f) — Separation of crude oil into its components / petroleurn refining. —Purification of ethanol. —Separation of liquefied air

(g) —Position of the ions in the electrochemical series —Concentration of the ions in the electrolyte —Nature of the electrodes used.

(h)(i) Substitution reaction. (ii) Addition reaction.

(i) — Carbon or soot, Carbon two oxide (carbon II oxide), Water.

(j) Filtration, Crystallisation, Evaporation, decantation, centrifugation

Correct Answer: C. John

Explanation

The account of Jesus washing the disciples' feet during the Last Supper is found in the Gospel of John, specifically John 13:1-17. This act was a demonstration of humility and service, setting an example for his disciples to follow.

Correct Answer: D) Concentrated H2SO4

Correct Answer: C. 1.5

Correct Answer: D) ionic

Correct Answer: A. Cellulose

Correct Answer: C) Cu

Explanation

Zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas is evolved. Sodium reacts with aqueous sulfuric acid to produce sodium sulfate and hydrogen. Calcium reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give calcium sulfate and hydrogen gas.

Copper, on the other hand, does not react with dilute sulphuric acid (H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)(aq)) at all as Cu is less reactive than hydrogen. However, copper gets oxidised into copper sulphate by the action of conc. sulphuric acid along with the evolution of SO\(_2\) and water vapour.

Explanation

(a)(i) The sediment is a sample of water can be removed by filtration, decantation or centrifuging.

(ii) Acid washing soda Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\) or pass it through an ion exchange resin or add calculated amount of Ca(OH)\(_2\).

(iii) To obtain water from muddy water, distil it

(iv) Bubble the air through alkaline pyrogallol or pass it over burning phosphorus or hot copper (I). To remove moisture from air, pass it through a U - tube containing concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) or fused CaCl\(_2\) or silica gel or P\(_2\)O\(_5\) or Quicklime.

(b)(i) Alums are double salts.

(ii) Alum is used for coagulation of fine / colloidal particles in water treatment plants.

(iii) It will not lather readily with soap. The reason is that the CO\(_2\) present in the atmosphere and in the rain water react with the limestone and convert it to Ca(HCO\(_3\))\(_2\) which renders the water temporarily hard. OR CaCO\(_3\) + H\(_2\)O + CO\(_2\) -> Ca(HCO\(_3\))\(_2\)

(c)(i) MnO\(_2\) + 4HCI -> MnCl\(_2\) + Cl\(_2\) + 2H\(_2\)O.

OR 2KMnO\(_4\) + 16HCI \(\to\) 2MnCl\(_2\) + 2KCI + 8H\(_2\)O + 5Cl\(_2\)

(ii) The products of the reaction of chlorine with hot concentrated NaOH are NaCI, NaCl and water i.e (sodium chloride, sodium c'ilorate or sodium trioxochlorate (V).

(iii) The paper turns red or pink and turns white (bleached)

(iv) Ca(OH)\(_2\) + Cl\(_2\) -.> CaOCl\(_2\). H\(_2\)O. From equation 22.4 dm\(^3\) of Cl\(_2\) at STP reacts completely with 1 mole of Ca(OH)\(_3\).

Molar mass of Ca(OH)\(_2\) is 40 + (2 x 16) + (2 x 1) g = 74g

Vol. of CI\(_2\) that will react with 3.7g of slaked lime = \(\frac{22.4 \times 3.7}{74}\) = 1.12 dm\(^3\)

(d)(i) On warming NH\(_4\)NO, with NaOH, a colourless gas, with choking or pungent smell is evolved.

(ii) (NH\(_4\))\(_2\) CO\(_3\) leaves no residueon being heated strongly because it decomposes into gaseous (NH\(_4\))\(_2\) CO\(_3\) -> 2NH\(_3\) + CO\(_2\) + H\(_2\)O.