Correct Answer: B. morphological variation

Correct Answer: C. fertilizers

Correct Answer: A. variation

Correct Answer: D. Survival of the fittest

Correct Answer: C. Glucose

Correct Answer: C. AB

Explanation

(a)(i) Habitat

The natural dwelling place of an organism. OR A place/locality where an organism lives successfully

(ii) Role of a decomposer in an ecosystem

Decomposers are organism which bring about the decay of dead parts/whole of plants/animals; to produce manure/humus; they release nutrients in them into the soil; which are absorbed by roots of plants; and are used to build up new plant tissues; they thus help in nutrient recycling; also release offensive gases/odour which pollute the air.

(b) Energy flow in a freshwater habitat;

Common aquatic plants/Pistia/Spirogyra/any correctly named aquatic plant; using energy from the sun; photosynthesize/produce food; the food is eaten by primary consumers/animals; small aqautic animals would be eaten by bigger aquatic animals/secondary consumers; tertiary consumer/a much bigger fish/any correctly named fish will feed on secondary consumer, in the process of feeding energy flows from one trophic level to another; decreases progressively; dead animals/plants decompose; energy is lost.

(c)(i) Harmful effects of microorganisms to plants

1. They cause diseases
2. They can cause undesirable qualities in plants/plant product
3. They cause spoilage
4. Reduction in yield

(ii) Beneficial effects of micro organisms to humans

• Bacteria/decomposers help to decay/decompose dead organisms to release nutrients
• Bacteria is used in cleaning/mopping up oil spillage
• Used in the fermentation of foods/cocoa beans/garri/locust beans/kenkey production
• Used to make vinegar
• Used in making alcoholic beverages/wine/beer/spirit
• Used in making some antibiotics/penicillin
• Used in the manufacture of insulin
• Used in making cheese/yoghurt/bread/Single Cell Proteins
• Used in making flax/tanning of leather;

Correct Answer: B. geneticist

Correct Answer: B. commensalism

Explanation

(a)Reasons people still engage in hawking

• People engage in hawking because of its low cost of operation;
• Some customers still prefer to patronize hawkers who bring goods to their door steps;
• Unemployment encourages people to remain in hawking;
• The ease of set up also encourages people to hawk as there are no legal requirements;
• It requires no formal training;
• There is high rate of turn

(b)The factors of production

(i)Land: This includes all free gifts of nature. It includes sea, soil, rivers,

vegetation and minerals. The reward for land is rent. It is fixed in nature;

(ii)Labour: This refers to all human efforts that are directed towards the production of goods and services for which payments are made. Its reward are wages/salaries/ commission. It is mobile and can be skilled or unskilled;

(iii)Capital: This includes all materials/wealth that is directed towards the production of other goods. it includes physical cash, machineries and equipment that can be acquired and accumulated. Its reward is interesting and it is mobile.

(iv)Entrepreneur/Entrepreneurship/Enterprise: This refers to the owner of the business, who provides, organizes and coordinates the other factors of production. The reward is profit. He bears the risk of the business.