Correct Answer: B. improves soil structure

Correct Answer: C. raise fruits from the ground

Correct Answer: A. 20 m

Correct Answer: D. wind direction and speed

Explanation

(a) Definition of natural pastures: Pasture is a piece of land on which forage crops/grasses/mixture of grasses and legumes grow (b) Features of natural pastures: (1) Ability to regenerate easily. (2) Growth may be enhanced by burning. (3) Soils are low in nutrients. (4) Contain obnoxious grasses and legumes. (5) Grasses and legumes are poor in quality. (6) Can withstand trampling by ruminants. (7) Forage crops are resistant to drought.

(c) Calculation: (i) Area of land = πr² = 3.142 x 200m x 200m = 125,680m²

Spacing = 1m x 50cm = 1m x 0.5m = 0.5m² Plant population of stylosanthes gracilis

= Area of land (m²) = 125,680m²

spacing (m²) 0.5m² = 251,360 stands

(ii) Expected plant population: Germination:% = 75

i.e = 75 x 251,360/100

Expected plant population = 188,520 Stands of stylosanthes gracilis

OR Area of land = πr² = 22/7 x 200m x 200m = 125,714.28m²

Spacing = 1m x 50cm = 1m x 0.5m = 0.5m²

Plant population = Area of land (m)/spacing (m) = 125,714.28m²/ 0.5m²

= 251,428.56 stands Approx. = 251,429 stands

Expected plant population: Germination % = 75 = 75 x 251,429/100 = 188,572 stands of stylosanthes gracilis

(iii) Importance of stylosanthes gracilis in agricultural production: (1) Fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil. (2) Feed for ruminants. (3) Green manure/fallow crop. (4) Checks soil erosion. (5) Improves soil structure.

Correct Answer: D. farmer's abode

Explanation

(a)(i) Explanation of Primary Tillage Implement: These are implements used to break and turn the soil over and in so doing clods or lumps are formed e.g plough.

(ii) Secondary tillage implement: This is basically the implement used after ploughing to break down soil clods/lumps into fine tilth/ridging e.g. harrow, cultivator, ridger. OR Implements used after ploughing to pulverize soil/ridging e.g. harrow, cultivator, ridger.

(b)(i) Reasons why disc ploughs are preferred to Mouldboard ploughs for soils in West Africa:

(i) The soils often contain many obstacles such as rocks and stumps buried in the soil over which disc plough can easily roll. (ii) Soil surfaces are generally hard in West Africa, which can be more easily worked by the disc plough than the mouldboard plough. (iii) Disc plough cuts deeper than mouldboard plough. (iv) Disc plough burries weed more effectively than mouldboard plough. (v) Disc plough works better onor clay soil than mouldboard.

(ii) Major parts of a disc plough: (i) Discs. (ii) Disc standard. (iii) Beam. (iv) Furrow wheel. (v) Disc scraper. (vi) Hitch point/coupling point. (vii) Coulter.

(c) Reasons why secondary tillage is necessary before sowing of seeds:

(i) Provides fine tilth for seed germination and emergence.

(ii) Enhances good soil structure for better root development.

(iii) Improves soil aeration.

(iv) Controls weeds whose seeds become exposed on tillage thus reducing early weed competition.

(v) Improves infiltration/soil water percolation.

(d) ) Precautions to take when spraying chemicals:

(i) Do not spray rainy on a windy day.

(ii) Do not spray on a ra day.

(iii) The operator should wear protective clothings like face mask, gloves, overalls and boots when spraying.

(iv) Do not spray in the hot weather especially in the afternoon.

(v) Do not draw water from the river with chemical container.

(vi) Adhere to manufacturer's specification/instructions.

(vii) Blow blocked-nozzle with mouth when spraying.

(viii) Do not talk, smoke. drink or eat during spraying.

Correct Answer: C. possibl failure of fertgilization is avoided

Correct Answer: C. provide baths for pigs

Correct Answer: C. continuous supply of irrigation water