Correct Answer: A. drill

Correct Answer: D. rice

Correct Answer: C. power-take-off shaft

Correct Answer: B. nitrogen fertilizer

Explanation

(a)(i) Budding: Budding is the act of uniting a bud from one plant with the stock of another plant of the same or different specie. (ii) Grafting is the act of joining a scion .stem of one plant to the stock of another plant from the same genus.

(b) Materials for carrying out budding: (i) budding knives (ii) polythene sheets (iii) wax (iv) bud material (v) stock material (vi) secateur/ saw.

(c)Reasons why selection may not produce desired results: (i) since pollination of crops is random and uncontrolled, the offspring of selected crops may carry different genotypes (ii) the crop phenotype may not be a true reflection of the genotype (iii) environment influence may impede the performance of selected crops.

(d)(i) Disadvantage of asexual reproduction: (i) vegetation materials, are costly especially tree crops (ii) process involved in the preparation of the vegetative material may be time consuming. (iii) Requires special skill/expertise; (iv) Planting materials may transmit disease pathogens (v) Planting materials cannot be stored for a long period of time without losing their viability. (vi) Vegetative materials are generally bulky making their transportation and handling, difficult (vii) There is no hybridization or variability in them leading to all plants suffering to the same extent when adverse conditions are encountered.

(ii) Advantages of sexual production: (i) It is cheaper or less costly (ii) Seeds can be stored for a longer period of adverse conditions are encountered. time without losing their viability when compared with vegetative materials (iii) Seeds are light in weight making handling and transportation easier (iv) It is the surest means of crop improvement through breeding. (v) Easier to establish (or sow)

Correct Answer: A. the large population of farmers

Correct Answer: C. drying

Explanation

(a) Reasons why agriculture has not been fully mechanized in West Africa:

(i) small farm holding/land fragmentation /land tenure system

(ii) farming systems do not encourage mechanization

(iii) no access roads for machines

(iv) it is costly or expensive to hire machines and most farmers are poor

(v) high running costs for machinery

(vi) heavy tree stumps left after land clearing hinders use of machinery

(vii) machines/implements are expensive to purchase

(viii) inadequate capital/ credit facilities

(ix) spare parts are not easily available

(x) technical know-how may be a problem

(xi) inadequate extension service/education for farmers/illiteracy

(xii) unfavourable soil terrain/topography.

(xiii) availability of labourers/ farm hands

(xiv) non-availability of tropicalised machinery/inadequate machines

(xv) machines are costly to maintain (xvi) poor market structures/system for agricultural produce discourages farmers from large scale production.

(b)(i) Characteristics of subsistence agriculture: (i) mostly practiced by peasant farmers. (ii) involves small plot of land. (iii) use of local tools e.g. hoes, machetes (iv) there is no specialisation (v) employs unskilled labour (vi) returns/output are low (vii) family labour involved (viii) provides only for the basic need of the family (ix) little surplus for sale (x) little/low capital involved (xii) heavy reliance on natural rainfall. (xiii) Production of food crops only (xiv) limited use of Agrochemicals (xv) unimproved varieties of crops and breeds of animals are used (xvi) mixed cropping is usually practised.

(ii) Characteristics of commercial agriculture: (i) sole cropping system is usually practised (ii) cultivation of large hectares of land (10 involves huge investment of money (iv) hired labour is involved (v) operations are mechanized (vi) skilled labour employed (vii) yield is usually high (viii) only rich farmers are engaged in it (ix) imp roved varieties of crops and breeds of animals are used (x) irrigation may be practiced (xi) records are kept (xii) use of agro-chemicals.

Correct Answer: D. pawpaw

Correct Answer: A. milking