Explanation

(a)(i) Identification of the Parasites

Iseed

IIseed

(b)External features of the parasite labelled I (Louse)

• Head
• Thorax
• Three pairs/six legs with sharp claws
• Segmented abdomen
• A pair of Antennae
• A pair of compound eyes
• Mouthparts of biting and sucking

(c)Part of the body of the host where the parasite labelled II (Tapeworm) is found

• Small Intestine

(d)(i)Adaptive features of the parasite labelled II (Tapeworm) on its host

• Possesses four suckers with which it attaches itself to the walls of the intestine of its host
• Possesses two rows of hooks with which it fixes itself into the intestine for a firm grip
• The whole body is covered with cuticle which prevents it from being digested by the digestive enzymes of its host
• Has the ability to absorb products of digestion with its entire body since it has no digestive system of its own
• Its excessive length increases surface area for absorption
• Produces many proglottides full of eggs
• Rostellum forms part of appendages for attachment

(ii)Intermediate hosts of the parasite labelled II (Tapeworm)

• Cattle
• Pigs

(e)Effects of the parasite labelled I (Louse) on its host

• The host becomes restless due to skin irritation
• Loss of appetite
• Loss of weight
• Reduction in livestock production
• Causes loss of hairs or feathers
• Injuries caused may serve as source of secondary infection
• It sucks blood of host leading to anaemia
• It eventually leads to death

Correct Answer: B. sunlight

Explanation

(a)Cereal crops grown in West Africa

- Rice

- Maize-Sorghum/Guinea corn

- Millet

- Acha/hungry rice

- Wheat

(b)Benefits of forests to the economic development of a country

- Source of income to rural people

- For research/educational purposes

- Source of revenue to the government

- Purification of air

- Beautification of the environment

- Tourist attraction

- Source of raw materials for industries such as gum and latex

- Checks soil erosion

- Source of food

- Sources of fuel wood

- Controls flood

- Serves as wind breaks

- Provides employment

- Checks desertification

- Source of medicinal herbs

- Induces rainfall/modifies the micro climate

- Protects water bodies/water shed

- Produces timber used for construction

- canoes, furniture etc

(c) Description of the life cycle of the variegated grasshopper

Diagram of life cycle

Description

- The female lays eggs inside the soil around April

- These hatch into nymphs around October and during the 4th instar stage. they migrate into the farm and continue to feed on cassava leaves up to the adult stage.

- The cycle has no pupal stage (incomplete metamorphosis/wingless nymphs)

- The early stages of nymphs may feed on other shrubs such as Chromolaena spp. (Siam weed) as alternative host and continue until they come in contact with a cassava farm

(d)Cultural methods of controlling crop pests

- Crop rotation

- Proper and timely weeding

- Good spacing of crops

- Drainage

- Pruning of diseased parts of plant Planting pest free crops

- Proper tillage operations

- Timely planting

- Timely harvesting Burning crop residues

- Flooding

- Mulching

- Planting pest tolerant varieties of crop

(e)Uses of oil palm

- Production of palm oil

- Production of palm kernel oil

- Production of palm kernel cake

- Making of brooms Making of foot mats

- Trunk for construction

Correct Answer: D. slightly acidic

Correct Answer: C. 50% brown coat coloured offspring

Explanation

(a) Explanation of marketing channel: Marketing channel is the sequence of intermediaries and market to through which produce move from the producers to the consumers or the stage through which a produce passes in the market system starting from the producer till it gets to the final consumer.

(ii) Marketing channels for cocoa

-Producers

-Licensed Buying Agents (L.B.As)/Produce buyers

-Marketing boards

-Processors

-Wholesalers

- Retailers

- Consumers

(b) Characteristics of land

- Land is a natural gift.

- Land can appreciate or depreciate in value.

- It is geographically immobile.

- It is abundant in some areas and scarce in other areas.

- It is heterogenous in quality, differing from one place to another in topography, soil texture, and structure, soil fertility, etc.

-Because of its limited supply, land is also subject to the law of diminishing returns.

-Reward for land is rent. Availability is subject to land use Act/Law.

- Its suitability influences output.

-Its value is determined by its location.

-It can be used as collateral for loan.

c) Agricultural Extension Programmes in West Africa

-Agricultural Development Projects

-Agro-service centres.

-Operation Feed Yourself.

-Farm settlement schemes.

-River basin and rural development authorities.

-National agricultural land development agency.

-Directorate for Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI).

-National Fadama development project.

-National Accelerated Food Production Programme.

-Tikonko Agricultural Extension.

-Green Revolution.

- TEKO veterinary service programme.

- Operation Feed Your Industry (OFYI)

- Do It Yourself (TESITO) -

Back to Land

- Operation Feed the Nation.

(d) Advantages of using demonstration as an extension teaching method

- It enables participants to debate issues and make sound judgements about lessons being taught.

-It appeals to logic and reasoning.

-It provides a problem-solving practical experience/ makes learning easier.

-It allows the teaching of a larger number of farmers at the same time.

-Helps to move farmers from the awareness and interest stages of learning to those of trial and adoption/captures the attention of farmers.

-It is more economical in terms of time, energy and other resources compared to other methods.

-Communication is made much easier for the extension officer/agent.

Correct Answer: B. yields obtained per annum are relatively low

Correct Answer: D. horn size

Correct Answer: A. sulphur

Correct Answer: A. photosynthesis