Correct Answer: D. 0.6

Explanation

10(a) Law of diminishing returns in agricultural production: The law states that, as successive amounts of a variable factor are applied to one or more fixed factors, output might increase a lot at first but there comes a point at which the use of more amount of the variable factor will add less to output than the preceding amount.

(b)(i) Input and Output graph of the relationships between fertilizer input and sorghum yield.

(ii) Explanation of the relationships between fertilizer input and sorghum yield: As successive amounts of fertilizer are applied, sorghum yield increases proportionately until it got to a point at which the use of more amount of fertilizer added leads to less yield of sorghum than the preceding amount.

(c) Functions of agricultural extension agent: (i)Acts as a channel or link of communication between farmers/government/research stations. (ii) Helps to mobilize rural people. (iii) Operates as an agent of change by creating awareness of agricultural innovations. (iv) Helps to generate a new sense of fundamental re-orientation. (v) Designs, prepares for and executes training and demonstration programmes. (vi) Disseminates information and ideas to farmers. (vii) Advises and assists farmers to source for and obtain loans. (viii) Acts as a guidance and counsellor. (ix) Acts as a public relations officer to government/ research stations.

(d) Benefits of commodity boards in the marketing of agricultural produce in West Africa: (i) Provide ready market for various agricultural commodities. (ii) Help to eliminate the range of differences in prices between farmers and consumers. (iii) Prepare farmers' mind for what is due them financially by announcing guarantee prices of their commodities. (iv) Help to increase volume of production by farmers. (v) Offer technical advice to farmers on the use of farm inputs, etc, (vi) The pricing policies of commodity (marketing) boards make farmers income stable. (vii) Provide transportation services which help in evacuation of farm produce. (viii) Save farmers the rigour of exporting their produce. (ix) Perform marketing functions and services such as processing, storage, transportation, grading and packaging. (x) Sometimes settle disputes among farmers. (xi) Grant scholarships to farmers' children. (xii) Provide credits and subsidies to farmers. (xiii) Provide inputs to farmers.

Correct Answer: D. provision of labour

Correct Answer: C. zoonotic

Explanation

(a) Balance ration is the feed containing all essential nutrients in the correct amount and adequate proportion for feeding animals.

(b) Essential ingredients not included are: (i) Oyster shell or bone meal (ii) Fats and oil (iii) Mineral salts (iv) Vitamin or vitamin supplement.

(c) Importance of the ingredients listed above include:

(i) Oyster shell or bone meal:

(1) Farm animals need calcium and phosphorus for bone and teeth development.

(2) Birds need calcium and phosphorus for egg shell formation.

(3) It also supplies other essential minerals like sodium, copper, etc for osmotic balance

(ii) Fats and oil:

(1) It provides carotene rich in vitamin A.

(2) It provides an additional source of energy

(3) It is required for good egg yolk formation.

(4) It prevents dustiness in feed.

(iii) Mineral salt:

(1) Salt improves palatability of feed.

(2) It supplies sodium as sodium chloride.

(3) It is useful for enzymatic functions in intestinal tract.

(iv) Vitamins or vitamin supplements:

(1) They provide the necessary vitamin requirements.

(2) They are necessary for good egg formation.

(3) They are necessary for good bone formation.

Explanation

(a) The various types of land tenure systems are: (i) gift (ii) communal (iii) purchase, freehold or individual ownership (iv) inheritance (v) leasing or leasehold (vi) pledge (vii) share cropping, rent or tenancy (viii) Tenancy at the will of Government

(b) Reasons why government should enforce the land use legislation include:

(i) Security of tenure: to safeguard farmers against unreasonable eviction

(ii) Ensuring proper land use: To ensure that agricultural land is not unnecessarily diverted to non-agricultural purpose.

(iii) Government projects: To make large tracts of land available for government sponsored development of large scale farms or resettlement schemes

(iv) Land improvement: to carry out large scale improvement such as irrigation, drainage and soil water conservation in order to ensure a reasonable standard of efficient production for a long time, and such a requirement should be obligatory, irrespective of land tenure system.

(v) Influence on size of holdings: To prevent land fragmentation and encourage the consolidation of small holdings into large units

(vi) Freedom of enterprise: To encourage freedom of farming in cases where there are regulations or traditional views that militate against such freedom

(vii) Control of production: To encourage the production of certain produce and curtail the production of others through the control of land use (viii) Land litigation: To reduce the number of land litigation amongst the citizens.

Correct Answer: A. it has an enlarged caecum that digests fibre

Correct Answer: B. Bright

Explanation

Option B is correct because sun lighting helps to brighten cotton bolls that are bright which depicts good quality.

Correct Answer: A. Cost of production

Explanation

A balanced ration in livestock production is one which contains all essential nutrients in the correct proportions.

(b) Methods of preparing (i) Bone meal: This may be either Dry Process: collect bones from the abattoir, dry the bones, burn the bones, crush the burnt bones to the desired texture. Wet Process I Rendering: collect bones from the abattoir, heat it with steam, crush the bones and dry the crushed bones.

(ii) Blood meal: collect fresh blood from • the abattoir and allow the blood to clot in the open, and heat the blood to reduce the moisture content and kill the pathogens. Then dry and crush the bones

(iii) Fish meal: It may be Dry Process: Collect fresh fish, sun dry smoke to reduce the moisture content and grind the dry fish to powder. Wet Process or Rendering: Collect the fi and heat with steam, crush the fish and dry the crushed fish

(iv) Cotton seed meal: Collect cotton seeds, grind the seeds, extract the oil from the crushed seeds, then dry the residue/cake.