Explanation

(a)Explanation of the terms:

(i) Farmstead: Farmstead refers to a farm house and all its production and processing structures. OR 4 Farmstead is the farmer's dwelling place and production centre.

(ii) Secondary tillage: This involves breaking/loosening/pulverizing soil clods it obtain a fine tilth with the aid of implements such as barrow, ridger, cultivator etc.

(b) Function of tile parts of a mouldboard plough:

(i) Hitch -serves as the point of attachment to the tractor/work animal.

(ii) Furrow wheel

- Used for stabilising the rear end of the plough.

- Guides the direction of the plough and mouldboard.

(iii) Disc coulter:

- makes vertical cut/furrow in soil ahead of the plough.

(iv) Plough share:

- provides the cutting edge for the mouldboard plough.

-makes horizontal soil cuts.

(v) Mouldboard:

-used for the inversion of furrow slice/weeds.

(c) Description of natural process that takes carbon from the atmosphere:

- The process is photosynthesis.

- It is the process whereby green plants make use of carhon(iv)oxide and water to manufacture their food using the energy derived from the sun.

(d) Ways of replenishing plant nutrients in the soil:

- Liming

- Fallowing

- Cover cropping

- Crop rotation

- Organic manuring

-Application of inorganic fertilizer.

(e) Defficiency symptoms of calcium in crops:

- Stunting of die root system

- Weak slender plants.

- Appearance of pale yellow colour in leaves.

- Death of terminal buds

- Leaf tips become gelatinous.

(f) Soil organisms:

- Earthworms

- Nematodes

-Millipedes

- Bacteria

- Termites

- Fungi

-Centipedes

- Crickets Soldier ants.

Correct Answer: D. lions, elephants and donkeys

Correct Answer: C. 0 kg of nitrogen, 10 kg of phosphate and 0 kg of potash

Correct Answer: D. land tenure system

Explanation

(a) Meaning of agricultural insurance: It is a risk management mechanism put in place to compensate farmers for losses due to natural calamities such as floods, drought and outbreaks of pests and diseases or due to declines in the prices of agricultural commodities.

b) Explanation of types of insurance policies for agricultural production

(i) Specific enterprise insurance: This is an insurance policy that covers a particular farming enterprise e.g. crop insurance, livestock insurance. It protects farmers against loss of crops/livestock due to disasters or calamities

(ii) Fire disaster insurance: It is an agricultural insurance policy which protects the farmer against losses due to fire outbreak

(iii) Life assurance: This covers the farmer, farm workers and farmer's household in the event of death

(c) Process of egg formation in a hen

- The yolk is formed in the ovary and released into the infundibulum

- Fertilization of the egg occurs in the infundibulim

- The egg spends fifteen minutes in the infundibulum before it moves into the magnum

- The egg stays for three hours in the magnum where part of the albumen is secreted on the yolk and chalaza is formed before it passes into the isthmus

- The shape of the egg and the two shell membranes are formed in the isthmus within seventy-five minutes before it passes into the uterus

- In the uterus, the egg stays for nineteen to twenty hours and the shell is formed and minerals are also added to the egg before it passes into the vagina

- The egg stays shortly in the vagina before it is then laid through the cloaca

Correct Answer: A. can withstand adverse climatic conditions

Correct Answer: A. spraying with insecticides

Correct Answer: C. oxytocin

Explanation

(a) Construction of a fish pond:

(i) choose a suitable site

(ii) clear the site of vegetation and stump if necessary

(iii) mark out pond area

(iv) dig out pond to the required depth (1 - 7m)

(v) pond bottom should slop towards the outlet to help drainage during harvesting

(vi) make provision for a harvesting trough at the deepest end of pond

(vii) construct drainage system consisting of outlets and ditches

(viii) construct the water inlet at the shallow end and above the water level

(ix) construct the pond walls using a mixture of clay and sand

(x) seal the pond bottom with clay and firm the side walls

(xi) grass the embarkment to prevent soil erosion

(xii) construct a dyke around the pond mouth to prevent the inflow of run-off water into it.

(xiii) Fence pond with net to keep off pests.

(b) Measures for the efficient operation of an egg incubator:

(i) maintain the right temperature during incubation

(ii) test run the incubator before you set eggs inside.

(iii) maintain the right RH during incubation

(iv) allow for adequate ventilation of incubator room

(v) constant supply of oxygen in the incubator should be ensured.

(vi) create vents for the escape of CO² from incubator

(vii) a regular power supply to the incubator

(viii) place incubator away from walls

(ix) candle eggs progressively

(x) fumigate incubator before setting eggs

(xi) incubator should be handled by trained and experienced personnel

Correct Answer: D. neem