Correct Answer: A) The producer

Explanation

Four functions of a farm manager

(a) Organisation: The farm manager (1) secures suitable land for farming. (ii) determines what to produce. (iii) . determines s the scale of production. (iv) procures credit or loan for farming.

(b) Administration: The farm manager (1) supervises the work on the farm. (ii) arranges work rosters. (iii) directs staff on day to day activities.(iv) Makes arrangement for staff welfare

(c) Production: The farm manager (i) is responsible for purchase and use of farm inputs. (ii) ensures the adequate supply of feeds. (iii) makes use of modern farming techniques. (iv) ensures the health of animals/crops on the farm.

(d) Marketing: The farm manager (i) determines what to sell (ii) determines how much to sell (iii) determines when to sell to make huge profits (iv) is responsible for processing of produce.

Explanation

ai. Agricultural ecology is the study of crop plants and farm animals in relation to their environment

Agricultural ecology is the interaction of crop plants and farm animal with the biotic and abiotic environment.

aii. Ecosystem refers to the interaction of a community of biotic components (plants and animals) with their abiotic components (non-living things)

bi.

-Crops

-Microorganism/Virus/Bacteria

-Farm animals

-Soil living organisms/Earthworms

-Weeds

-Insect and pests

-Protozoa

-Producers

-Consumers

-Decomposers

-Parasite

bii.

-Temperature

-Relative humidity

-Rainfall/precipitation

-Rock

-Wild fire

-Water

-Wind/air/storm

-Sunlight

-Dust

-Minerals

-Soil

c.

-Storehouse should be rain proof

-Ensure adequate ventilation in storehouse

-Windows should be netted against insects

-A simple metal roof should be constructed

-Floors and walls should be cemented with no cracks for insects/ rats to hide

-Spaces should be left between bags and between bags and the wall

-Grains must be absolutely dry before storage

-Storehouse should be fumigated before moving in a new batch of maize

-Storehouse should be cleaned regularly

-Bags of maize must be stored on the basis of first in-first out

-Keep bags on wooden pallets to prevent deterioration due to moisture/store bags off the floor

-Maize bags should be properly sealed

d.

-Morning glory Lantana

-Amarantus

-Zinnia

-Cana lily

-Gloriosa

Crotolaria

-Marigold

-Bachelor's button

-Water lettuce

Correct Answer: C. III

Correct Answer: A. mulching, strip cropping and cover cropping

Correct Answer: B. large scale agricultural production for sale

Correct Answer: A. potassium

Correct Answer: C. Dehorning

Explanation

Dehorning is the process of removing the horns of livestock. Cattle, sheep, and goats are sometimes dehorned for economic and safety reasons.

Correct Answer: B. Change blue litmus paper to red

Explanation

(a)Ways in which rangeland is important in livestock production:

- Provides space for maximum exercise for animals

-Source of cheap feed for farm animals

-Source of salt lick for farm animals

-Provides the protein needs of ruminant animals if legumes are present in the rangeland

-Rangeland makes it possible for unproductive and to be utilized for pasture growing

(b) Calculation of carrying capacity of range land

Area of a circle = Y2 1trl

The area of Y2 a circle = V:z 1trl

Where 1t = 22/7 or 3.142

then:

Area of the figure

= Area of half circle + Area of rectangle + area of half circle

=(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m)

=(Y2x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m)

= (5,106 m²) + (28,500 m-) + (5,106 m²)

= 38,711 m²

Area of land = 38, 711 m² but 1 ha = 10,000 m²

.'. areaof land in ha

38,71 1m2/10,000m² = 3.8.1

Grazing Area per cattle = 3m x 3m = 9m²

= 0.009 ha

Carrying capacity = Area of the range land

Grazing area per cattle

3.8711ha

0.0009ha

4301.2 cattle per 3.871] ha

Carrying capacity = 4301

OR =4,301 cattle grazed on 3.8711 ha of range land

(c) Benefits of management practices in animal production

(i) Dipping

-Controls ecto-parasites

-Reduces disease transmission to the animal from the parasites

-Ensures high quality hides and skins

-Eliminates loss of nutrients occasioned by sucking of blood

-Reduces skin irritation

(ii) Vaccination

- Increases resistance to diseases

-High turnover from investment due to low mortality

-Prevents / Reduces outbreak of diseases

(iii) Artificial Insemination

-Eliminates the cost of buying and keeping male animals

-Allows use of lame but fertile, proven males Allows the use of semen of oversized males

-Reduces spread of veneral diseases

-Allows the use of the sperm of a proven male animal long after its death Many more females can be served from one male at a time

-Allows planned breeding timetables/programmes

-Semen held in cold storage, can be stored and transported over long distances

- Problem of space and time of breeding of male animals -is eliminated

- Faster result in breeding improvement is achieved.

(a)Ways in which rangeland is important in livestock production:

- Provides space for maximum exercise for animals

-Source of cheap feed for farm animals

-Source of salt lick for farm animals

-Provides the protein needs of ruminant animals if legumes are present in the rangeland

-Rangeland makes it possible for unproductive and to be utilized for pasture growing

(b) Calculation of carrying capacity of range land

Area of a circle = Y2 1trl

The area of Y2 a circle = V:z 1trl

Where 1t = 22/7 or 3.142

then:

Area of the figure

= Area of half circle + Area of rectangle + area of half circle

=(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m)

=(Y2x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m)

= (5,106 m²) + (28,500 m-) + (5,106 m²)

= 38,711 m²

Area of land = 38, 711 m² but 1 ha = 10,000 m²

.'. areaof land in ha

38,71 1m2/10,000m² = 3.8.1

Grazing Area per cattle = 3m x 3m = 9m²

= 0.009 ha

Carrying capacity = Area of the range land

Grazing area per cattle

3.8711ha

0.0009ha

4301.2 cattle per 3.871] ha

Carrying capacity = 4301

OR =4,301 cattle grazed on 3.8711 ha of range land

(c) Benefits of management practices in animal production

(i) Dipping

-Controls ecto-parasites

-Reduces disease transmission to the animal from the parasites

-Ensures high quality hides and skins

-Eliminates loss of nutrients occasioned by sucking of blood

-Reduces skin irritation

(ii) Vaccination

- Increases resistance to diseases

-High turnover from investment due to low mortality

-Prevents