Correct Answer: B. Northern gamba grass

Correct Answer: D. Poor transportation network

Explanation

(a) Governmental Organisations involved in improving agricultural production in West Africa include: (i) Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) (ii) River Basin Development Authorities (iii) National Agricultural Land Development Authority (NALDA) (iv) Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) or Any Agricultural Bank e.g N.A.C.B (v) Nation Agricultural Insurance Company (NAIC) (vi) Any of the National Agricultural Research Institutes. e.g. National Cereal Research Institutes (NCRI) Badegi, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) Ibadan,etc. Non-Government Organisations involved in improving agricultural production are: (i) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (ii) West African Rice Development Agency (WARDA) (iii) International Livestock Research Institute (I.L.R.1) (iv) International Crop Research Institute for SemiArid Tropics (ICRISAT) (v) Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) (vi) Farmers Cooperatives (vii) World Vision International (in Ghana) (viii) Hunger Project (in Ghana) (ix) Adventist Relief Agent (both in Ghana and Gambia) (x) Catholic Relief Services (Gambia)

(b) Ways in which NGOs contribute to agricultural productivity in West Africa are: (i) Assist in rural development by providing social ammenities, e.g. road, water supply health centres, etc. (ii) Research to improve or develop new crop varieties. (iii) Research to improve or develop breeds of animals. (iv) Control of weeds, pests and disease organisms. (v) Provision of support/funding for agricultural extension projects (i.e provision of any financial assistance). (vi) Improvement of farmers' awareness and agricultural knowledge. (vii) Socio-economic research to understand the peasant farmer with a view to assisting him. (viii) Funding research for better farming methods/ implements.

(c) Ways by which the application of science and technology has helped to boost crop production in Nigeria are: (i) Man's understanding of the weather conditions enables him to determine what and when to plant. (ii) Inventions of machines help to make farming easier and faster. (iii) Development of better roads to facilitate movement of agricultural products from farms to markets. (iv) Construction and use of farm buildings to facililtate crop processing. (v) Provision of storage facilities e.g. silos. (vi) Development and application fertilizers which have increased yields. (vii) Disease control, using various types of chemicals. (viii) Weed control. (ix) Application of genetics and breeding to produce better crop varieties . (x) Improved processing technology. (xi) Irrigation practices. (xii) Improved farm management system, e.g crop rotation, mixed farming, etc

Correct Answer: B. money lenders

Explanation

(a) Meaning of forest reserve: This is an area of land. preserved by law primarily to protect economic and endangered tree species.

(b) Advantages of Taungya System of Farming:

(i) Farmers: Can make use of available fertile land for farming. Improves farmers standard of living. Provides some forest products for farmer's use (e.g. firewood/fuel). Provides adequate employment. Increases farmers knowledge on other areas of agriculture other than food crop production. Increases food production.

(ii) Foresters: Weeds are controlled by the farmers for the forester. Reduction in the cost of establishing a forest reserve. More farmland eventually come under forest cover. There is interdependence of forest trees and crops where legumes are planted.

(c) Description of the life cycle of yam beetle (Hete/roligus metes).

(i) The adult female lays eggs in moist soil under mulch during early planting of yam.

(ii) Eggs hatch into larvae which feed on decaying organic matter.

(iii) The larvae undergo three stages (moulting) before becoming pupae.

(iv) The pupae then moult into adults which attack the tubers.

(d) Advantages of organic fertilizers over inorganic fertilizers:

(i) Organic fertilizers are not easily leached in the soil.

(ii) Improve the soil structure.

(iii) Supply more nutrients.

iv) Are relatively cheaper than inorganic fertilizers.

(v) Nutrients in organic fertilizers are not volatile/have a longer effect on the soil.

(vi) Do not make the soil acidic/have buffering effects on the soil.

(vii) Promote the activities of soil micro-organisms.

(viii) Increase soil microbial population.

(ix) Help to regulate soil temperature.

(e) Varieties of oil palm: (i) Dura (ii) Tenera (iii) Pisifera

Correct Answer: C. increase in soil acidity

Correct Answer: B. trypanosomiasis

Correct Answer: B. grains from cobs

Correct Answer: A. population pressure

Correct Answer: C. Kidding

Explanation

Kidding is not branch of agriculture. It is the act of giving birth in rabbits and goats. Choice C is correct