Correct Answer: C. certificate of occupancy

Correct Answer: B. 100% tall

Correct Answer: B. slate

Explanation

Shales that are subject to heat and pressure of metamorphism alter into a hard, fissle, metamorphic rock known as slate.

Correct Answer: C. Distribution of the different sizes of soil particles

Explanation

Soil Texture is the classification of soil based on its physical texture and characteristics, particularly the size of the particles that make up the soil.

Explanation

(a)Definition of soil erosion: This is the wearing away of soil by means of natural agents such as water, ice/ glacier, and wind.

(b) Factors that influence nutrient availability in the soil:

Soil pH, Concentration of other nutrients, Leaching, Crop removal/overgrazing, Oxidation and Reduction, Burning, Erosion, Soil moisture content, Level of organic matter/microorganisms in the soil

(c) Explanation of roles of factors of soil formation (i)Climate

- Abrassive action of rock particles blown by wind

- Rain may be severe enough to cause erosion

- Rain water causes chemical change of rock minerals' aids chemical weathering

- Temperature causes the expansion and contraction of rocks alternately leading to minerals with low expansitivity breaking away to form soil.

(ii) Living organisms

- Soil organisms like termites, earthworms eat deep into the soil and mix the mineral and organic matter together resulting in the formation of soil

- Activities of man during farming operation help to break rocks into tiny particles to form soil

- Roots of plants grow into openings in the rocks, physically forcing the rocks apart into smaller particles,

- Human activities can also cause erosion which result both in soil destruction and formation.

- Living organisms produce carbon dioxide which forms carbonic acid with water and enhances rock weathering,

(iii) Topography

-The shape of the land influences the movement and amount of water in the soil

- Hilly and slopy surfaces support erosion and encourage soil formation

- A flat and exposes the whole surface to equal environmental factors and therefor delays soil formation

- The topography of the land affects the distribution 0,i, plants and animals which influence the process of 01 formation

- More soil formation in the valleys than at the top of the hills

(d) Problems associated with overhead irrigation -

Wind distorts sprinkler patterns and causes uneven distribution of water

- The spray force can damage ripening soft fruits.

- A stable water supply is required for economic use of the equipment

- The water must be clean and free of sand, debris and large amounts of dissolved salts

- The initial investment is usually high

- Power requirements for pumping water is high

- Requires technical know-how

- Can spread diseases

- Lateral pipes hinder movement of farm machines

- High cost of maintenance/repairs/spare parts not readily available.

Correct Answer: A. bunnies

Correct Answer: C. it affects the metabolic processes in fish

Correct Answer: A. 20 m

Correct Answer: C. Stylosanthes gracilis

Explanation

The process of soil formation include:

(1) PHYSICAL PROCESS: (i) The grinding of rock surfaces by solid materials carried by wind. water and moving ice results in the breaking of the rocks. (ii) The freezing and melting of ice within the rock results in the breakage of rocks (iii) The continuous expansion and contraction of rocks due to variations in the intensity of temperature results in the breaking down of rocks. (iv) The action of running water also eats up the rocks. resulting in breaking down of rocks;

(2) BIOLOGICAL PROCESS: (I) The actions of some animals like earthworm and termite cause rock to break. (ii) The burrowing activities of earthworm and termite into rocks cause their breakage. (iii) Roots of plants which penetrate rocks also help to break down the rocks. (iv) Human activities during tillage, use of plough and harrow also indirectly break down rocks.

(3) CHEMICAL PROCESS (i) Solution: Water dissolves soluble minerals or rocks in the soil. (ii) Oxidation: The reaction of oxygen with rocks results in breakage of rocks. Carbonation: Carbon dioxide which dissolves in water to form a weak carbonic acid reacts with rock to break it down. (iv) Hydration : The attachment of water to rocks results in their breakage.