Explanation

(a) Five management methods adopted in the forest areas to ensure a continuous timber supply are:

(i) Forest Regulations : These are laws made by the government to conserve or preserve forest trees. No person can cut down timber without government permission.

(ii) Selective exploration: Forest trees can be cut down while allowing others to reach maturity before they too are cut

(iii) Afforestation: This is the planting of new trees to replace the ones that have been cut.

(iv) Fire prevention: This prevents annual bush burning and where possible, establishes fire breaks.

(v) Taungya system : This system allows the farmer to plant his crops after which they will plant economic trees on the same piece of land.

(b) Six benefits derived from forestry and range are:

(i) Supply of food such as fruits, seeds. bush meat, etc.

(ii) Supply of fuel (fire wood). (iii) Provision of timber for furniture and buildings.

(iv) Provision of employment to some people. (v) Forest is a source of medicinal herbs.

(vi) Provision of pulpwood for paper making.

Correct Answer: A. Freehold system

Correct Answer: D. inadequate water supply in rural areas

Correct Answer: D. produce disease-resistant crop varieties

Correct Answer: B. 75%

Correct Answer: D. climatic conditions

Explanation

(a) Possible solutions to problems of agricultural development in West Africa

(i) Poor transportation:

- Provision of good transport facilities/road/railway waterway

- Maintenance of existing roads

- Adequate motor vehicles should be provided for the evacúation of farm produce;

-Farmers' cooperative societies can purchase motor vehicles for transporting farm produce bs at lower cos,

-Cost of fuel for motor vehicles should be reduced

-High cost of transportation should be reduced

- Repair/maintenance services should be provided at a reduced cost.

(ii) Environmental degradation:

- Drainage ditches should be constructed to control flooding/ erosion control

- Irrigation facilities should be provided to farmers to mitigate against drought and inadequate rainfall

-Meteorological services should be provided to farmers to reduce weather hazards

-Government legislation against bush burning to prevent fire disaster

- Prevention of deforestation

(ii) Use of crude farm tools:

-Local fabrication of farm machines and implements should be encouraged;

- Tractor hiring services should be provided at an affordable cost to enhance mechanization;

- Modern farm implements should be provided to farmers at subsidized rates;

- Farmers' cooperative societies can purchase farm machines for farmers' use;

- Establishment of farm mechanization training centres.

(b) Precautions that should be taken when using each of the following: Types of farm power

(i) Animal power

- Animals should be properly handled to prevent aggression;

- A muzzle should be fixed in the animal's mouth;

- Animals should be used in the morning or evening when the weather is cool;

- Healthy animals should be used;

- Animals should not be overworked;

-Animals should be well fed;

- Remove sharp horn points to avoid sustaining an injury from animals

(ii) Electrical power

- Uninsulated live cable should not be touched with bare hands/wear protective gloves when handling electricity;

- Rectify electrical faults immediately;

-Faulty equipment/appliances should be repaired before use;

- Voltage regulators should be used to protect equipment from damage caused by power fluctuations;

- Switch off all electrical appliances when not in use;

- Take safety precautions when using electrical appliances.

(c) Reasons for maintaining farm tools and implements:

-To keep them in the best working condition

- Reduce cost/frequency of replacements Reduce drudgery from working with blunt/bad implements

- Reduce hazards/injury/accident from broken implements while being operated/to ensure safety

- Reduces food contamination resulting from the use of rusted/dirty tools and implements

- Increase/ extend their useful life/last longer/durability

- Prevent rusting/deterioration of parts/damage

- For efficiency

Correct Answer: B. on set of heat period

Correct Answer: D. kolanut

Correct Answer: C) Knapsack