Correct Answer: D. shadoof

Explanation

(a) The following factors affect agriculture development in these ways:

(i) Poor tools and implements: (1) Working th poor tools and implements is very tedious and labour intensive. (2) Only small areas of land are cultivated. (3) It is time consuming (4) Output per unit time is low. (5) The use of poor tools discourage people from going into agriculture. (6) It causes faster ageing in the farming population.

(ii) Poor storage facilities: (1) It reduces quality of produce stored (2) It may lead to a loss of produce. (3) .It may lead to scarcity of produce. (4) It results into high cost of produce (5) It results in reduced income for the farmer. (6) It increases pest infestation. (7) Poor storage facilities discourage farmers from large scale production. (8) It enhances increase in population of pathogens.

(b) The problem of poor tools and implements can be solved in these ways:

(i) There should be importation of appropriate machines and implements.

(ii) Modern tools and implements should be made available for farmers at subsidize rate by government.

(iii) Government should provide improved farm tools, implements and machines for hiring to the farmers.

(iv) Local fabrication of improved tools and implements should be encouraged by the government.

(c)(i) The objectives of Land Use Act are to: (1) remove the bitter conflicts over land often resulting in loss of lives and properties (2) assist people to own land anywhere in the country. (3) enable government control the use to which land is put. (4) encourage large scale agricultural production (mechanized farming). (5) encourage sustainable used of land. (6) discourage land speculation and high land prices. (7) encourage Tree crops production.

(ii) Quarantine programmes have the following objectives: (1) Increment in food production (2) Prevention of foreign disease. (3) Prevention of the spread of diseases within the country. (4) Prevent the spread of pests within the country (5) Maintenance of genetic purity of crops and animals spp (6) Conservation and maintenance of the germplasms of imported and indigenous crops and animals. (7) Preventing the introduction of foreign pests. (8) Improvement in the qualities of farm produce.

(iii) Government Agricultural loans and subsidy scheme is set up to: (1) increase production in agriculture. (2) provide funds with minimum interest to farmers. (3) encourage farmers towards investing in agriculture.. (4) increase the quality of agricultural produce. (5) assist farmers in adopting innovations and carry out improved farming practices. (6) ensure timeliness in farming operation. (7) enhance marketing of farm produce.

Correct Answer: D. Political parties

Explanation

Political parties are organized group of people with the same political ideology that fields candidates to contest in an election in order to win and implement their agenda. Other options are related to agriculture except political parties.

Correct Answer: B. virus

Correct Answer: B. leaves

Correct Answer: B. predator

Explanation

(a)Explanation of farm mechanization The use of farm machinery and equipment to perform farm operations

(b)Advantages and disadvantages of farm mechanization

Advantages

- Increases productivity/output

- Reduction in drudgery or tireness

- Difficult jobs can be done with ease -

Amount of farm labour output per man-hour is increased/increase efficiency

- Farms operations are completed in a short time/ enhances timelines of operations

- Helps in reclamation of lands e.g waterlogged areas

- Facilitates processing and preservation of farm produce

- Helps to supplement human power in heavy duty jobs

- Releases farm labour to other sectors of the economy/ saves labour

- Promotes specialisation of labour in a particular farm opeartion

- Improves the quality of farm produce

Disadvantages

- High maintenance costs of the machines

- Expensive to practice/high cost of machines

- Displacement of farm labour/workers -

-Can cause environmental pollution

- Causes soil compaction

- Induces soil erosion

- Mixed cropping is difficult to practise

- Requires skilled personnel

- Spare parts are not readily available

(c) Merits of the use of draught animals in farm operations

- Low maintenance cost/cheap to operate

- Draught animals provide manure

- Draught animals can be used safely on slopes and wet fields/difficult conditions

- Using animals does not require special skills

- Animals are ecologically friendly/do not destroy soil structure

- Animals can pull heavy loads/perform tedious work

- Animals provide good traction

- Animals are easy to control

(d) Roles of science and technology in agricultural development

(i) Pest and disease control

- Agrochemicals/pesticides such as fungicides, fumigants and nematicides have

beendeveloped to control pests

- Drugs have been developed to counteract the effects of diseases and pests

- Vaccines have been developed which can be used to prevent a whole

range of diseases in farm animals

- Studies have been made on the life cycles of pests and parasites for their

control or prevention

- Various types of herbicides have been developed for effective control of weeds

- Through science and technology, it is easier to diagnose diseases of plants

and animals

-Breeding disease-resistant varieties of crops and breeds of animals

-Production of equipment for the application of pesticides and herbicides

-Irradiation to enhance storage of farm produce

-Production of equipment to trap pests

(ii)Meteorology and climatology

- Weather forecasting/projection

- Enable farmers to account for the variation in climate from place to place

- Enable farmers to know when to prepare for farming activities

- Determine the type of crops to grow and the kinds of animals to

rear in a particular area or locality

- Cloud seeding for rainfall

- Production of equipment for weather forecasting

Correct Answer: A. IV

Correct Answer: B. plough share

Correct Answer: C. feeding with colostrum