Correct Answer: B. Planting reistant varieties

Explanation

(a) Cultivation of cassava

(i) Soil requirements

- Grows best on well drained sandy loam or clay loam

- Tolerant to poor soils

(ii) Land propagation

- Land is cleared, stumped, ploughed and harrowed

- Ridges/mounds could be made - May also be planted on flat land

(iii) Propagation

- Propagation by stem cuttings

- Stem cuttings are planted at an angle of about 45° or in a slanting position or buried flat

- About 2/3 of the stem cutting is buried in the soil

- The cuttings used must contain a good number of nodes

- Can also be propagated by seed (iv) Spacing

- lm x 1m

- 90cm x 90cm

(v) Weed control

- Regular weeding is done with use of hoe or cutlass

- Herbiscus could be used to control weeds

- Hand pulling of weeds could be done on a small scale

(vi) Fertilizer requirement

- Potassium fertilizer, e.g. muriate of potash

- NPK 10:10:20 or 15:15:15

(vii) Harvesting

- Maturity is about 6-15 months

- Harvesting is done by uprooting the tubers manually or mechanically

(viii) Storage

- Stored in processed forms such as cassava flour, chips, garri

- Tubers can be placed in a pit and covered with earth for storage on a small scale

- Could be peeled and kept in deep freezers

(b) Completion of the table Coccidiosis

(i) Casual organism

-Protozoan (Eimera spp)

(ii) Farm animal affected

- Poultry

- Rabbit

- Sheep

- Goat

(iii) Symptom

- Foul

-smelling droppings

- Bloody diarrhoea/droppings

- Droopiness

- Emaciation

- Rise in body temperature

- Loss of hair or alopecia (in rabbit)

(iv) Control

- Treatment with coccidiostat

- Regular change of litter

- Provision of clean water and feed

- Use of foot bath at the entrance of poultry houses Rlnderpest

(i) Causal organism

- Virus

(ii) Farm animal affected

- Cattle

- Goat

- Sheep

(iii) Symptom

- High fever

- Bloody diarrhoea

- Reduced milk yield

- High mortality

- Difficulty in breathing

- Lesions on tongue

(iv) Control

- Cull and destroy infected animal

- Routine vaccination

Explanation

The essential features of Communal Land Tenure are: (i) The land is owned by the community.

(ii) Land is allocated ( to members by the head of the family or the community.

(iii) Every member of the community is opportuned to farnt each season to grow annual or biannual crops.

(iv) The system relies on plenty of land for fallow.

The effects of communal land tenure on agriculture include the following:

(i) the land cannot be used as a collateral or security in a procuring agricultural loan for development by members of the community.

(ii) mechanization is difficult to introduce because the farm lands are scattered and small.

(iii) Permanent crops like cocoa and rubber cannot be planted because of possible re-allocation of land in another season.

(iv) discourages permanent land improvement, such as building of structures and alley farming.

(v) leads to fragmentation of land into small and scattered units. (vi) CO operative efforts of farmers are discouraged, thereby, leading to the retardation of the adoption of modern agricultural tehcniques.

(b) The essential features of individual land tenure are: Obtained either as Freehold Ownership or Rent Tenancy Features of Freehold ownership

(i) It gives owner complete freedom on the land

(ii) He may sell it or leave it fallow: It may also farm the land or rent it out.

(iii) It can be used as collateral for agriculture loans.

Features of rent tenancy: (i) partial freedom on land. (ii) cannot be used as security for agricultural loans. (iii) moderate land improvement can be effected on the land. (iv) mechanisation can be introduced if the size of the land is large enough

Effects of free hold ownership on agriculture include: (i) often leads to land improvement (ii) mechanical agriculture can be profitably introduced. (iii) land may be fragmented among children of a freeholder.

Rent Tenancy - Effects on Agriculture include: (i) land can be put to uses other than agricultural production.

Correct Answer: B. brucellosis

Correct Answer: C. Home visits and demonstrations

Explanation

(a) Relationship between agriculture and industries are:

(i) Agriculture provides market for industrial products, e.g. farm machinery, chemicals, fertilizer, etc.

(ii) Provides food to industrial workers.

(iii) both agriculture and industry compete for labour.

(iv) agricultural development allows for a shift of factors of production to the industry.

(v) rise in agricultural income due to efficient and economic factor combination brings about development of the industrial sector of the economy.

(vi) industries provide a large range of d desirable things that farmers want to buy.

(vii) agriculture provides the raw materials for industries.

(viii) industries produce agrochemicals for agricultural uses, e.g. pesticides, fertilizers, vaccines, herbicides etc.

(ix) industries provide storage facilities for agricultural produce, d e.g. pesticides, fertilizers, vaccines, herbicides etc.

(x) industries provide processing facilities for agricultural produce.

(xi) industries produce machinery and equipment for agricultural uses e.g. tractors, ploughs, cutlasses, hoes, etc.

(b) Factors affecting the success of commercial agriculture in Nigeria include:

(i) sufficient money/capital expand or inadequate finance.

(ii) problems of land tenure which do not allow for use of large expanse of land suitable for commercial agriculture

(iii) availability of storage facilities.

(iv) availability of processing facilities.

(v) availability of basic amenities & infrastructures.

(vi) inadequate tools and machinery.

(vii) poor pricing and marketing incentives.

(viii) bad government policies / inconsistent government policies.

(ix) infestation of pests.

(x) outbreak of diseases.

(xi) climatic effect.

(c) Agricultural research institutes in Nigeria are:

(i) Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan.

(ii) Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN), Benin.

(iii) National Cereal Research Institute (NCRI), Badegi

(iv) National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike.

(v) National Institute for Horticultural Research (NIHORT), Ibadan.

(vi) Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Benin

(vii) Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan

(viii) National Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMAR), Lagos

(ix) National Institute for Fisheries and Fresh Water Research, Kainji.

(x) Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute, florin.

(xi) National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Jos.

(xii) National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR), Kaduna.

(xiii) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (iITA), Ibadan.

(xiv) Leather Research Institute of Nigeria, Zaria.

(xv) Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri.

(xvi) Institute of Agricultural Research ( IAR), Zaria

(xvii) Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IART), Ibadan

Correct Answer: C. rubber

Correct Answer: C) Chlorophyll

Correct Answer: B. Tractor

Correct Answer: C. 4 - 5

Explanation

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) maturity period is between four to five months