Correct Answer: C. Scythe

Explanation

A scythe is a hand tool commonly used in agriculture for cutting grass or crops. It consists of a long, curved blade attached to a handle, and it is used by swinging the blade in a rhythmic motion to cut vegetation close to the ground.

Correct Answer: D. Allium cepa

Correct Answer: C. fungi

Correct Answer: B. Regenerate rapidly after pruning

Correct Answer: B. By their feeding preferences

Explanation

Farm animals are commonly classified based on their feeding preferences. This classification categorizes animals into different groups based on their dietary habits and the type of feed they consume.

Correct Answer: B. fungus

Explanation

(a) Explanation of terms used in agricultural ecology

(i) Soil texture- The relative proportion of particles of various sizes present in a given soil sample

- Measure of coarseness or fineness of a soil sample

-Used in soil classification

- Relative percentage of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample

(ii) Soil structure

- The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates and the pores between them

- Aggregation of soil particles into different shapes soil and sizes

-Determines the rate of water percolation/ infiltration in the soil

(iii) Soil profile

- The vertical section of soil showing the various layers/horizons

- The different layers are underlining bedrock, weathered materials, subsoil, and topsoil

-Each layer is differentiated in terms of colour, texture, and organic matter

(b) (i) Advantages of grafting

- Useful for propagating plants whose cuttings are difficult to root

- Rapidly increase the number of desirable cultivars

- Provides disease resistance to a susceptible but desirable cultivar

- Used to change plant form

-Assist in repairing damaged plant parts

- Suitable for virus indexing -

- Helps plants to adapt to adverse soil/climatic/ environmental conditions

- Quickens maturity/fruiting

- Breeding true to type uniform plants

(ii) Tree crops that could be propagated by grafting

-Mango

- Avocado pear

- Rubber

- Breadfruit/jack fruit

- Soursop

- Citrus/any named citrus Kola

- Cashew

- Guava

- Cocoa

- Coffee

- Apple

- Moringa

(c) Cultural practices that could be used to replenish plant nutrients in the soil

- Planting of cover crops Planting of shade treescrop rotation

- Liming

- Agro

- forestry/ Alley cropping

- Organic manuring

- Mulching

- Fertilizer application

- Fallowing

(d) Measures farmers could adopt to control pests in grain stores

- Well constructed storage buildings/structures to prevent the entry of rodents and other pests

- Concrete floors/walls to prevent insects and rodents from creating hiding places

- Timely harvesting

- Removal of infested grains before storage

- Proper drying of grains before storage

- Stores should be well ventilated

- Stores should be rain/damp proof

- Store produce on a raised platform

- Inspect store regularly to detect pest infestation

- Fumigate store before storage and after removing old stock or consignment

- Use poisonous baits/rodenticides/pesticides

- Set traps to kill rodents

-Use hermetic air tight containers to store grains

- Clean/disinfect grain store before storage

Correct Answer: D. sedimentary rock

Explanation

The side effects of various preventive and control measures of diseases and pests of crops are:

(a) Chemical method of control:

(i) Almost all the chemicals used are toxic to man and domestic animals.

(ii) Some beneficial insects of soil organisms may be destroyed.

(iii) Pests and diseases may develop resistance to chemical. (iv) Some chemicals may cause water pollution.

(v) Empty containers could be a source of poison when used as containers for consumables.

(b) Biological method of control:

(i) The new organisms introduced may start attacking crops which were formerly free from attack.

(ii) The predators introduced may feed on other beneficial insects causing imbalance in the ecosystem.

(c) Cultural method of control:

(i) The use of fire may spread to other farms

(ii) The use of fire may kill some beneficial organisms.

(iii) It can lead to destruction and losses of organic matter in the soil.

(iv) It can also destroy the soil structure

Correct Answer: A. granite