Correct Answer: D. prevent chilling of the young

Correct Answer: B. the number of seedlings per stand is reduced to one or two

Correct Answer: C. grinding of food

Explanation

(a) Farmstead: This can be defined as farm house and all production and processing structures.

(b) Factors to Consider in Planning a Farmstead: (i) Topography (ii) Soil type (iii) Accessibility (iv) Health/Hygiene (v) Water supply (vi) Nearness to market (vii) Drainage.

(c) Importance of: Topography: (i) Living quarters should be located on the highest elevation - to provide good view of the farm. (ii)Animal quarters to be located far from the living quarters. (iii) Locate crops such as vegetables on low lying areas where moisture content is high. (iv) Fish ponds are located on slopy grounds. (v) Irrigation farms are best sited on flat grounds. Soil Type: (i) Crop farms are sited on soils that are fertile. (ii) Pastures on less fertile soils. (iii) Farm building and structures are best located on poor soils. (iv) Farrn roads are best constructed on well drained poor soil.

Accessibility: (i) Locate facilities within walking distance. (ii) To facilitate the transportation of farm inputs. (iii) For evacuation of farm produce. (iv) Good accessibility makes marketing of farm produce possible.

Water Supply: (i) Adequate water supply is needed for human and animal use. (ii) Livestock structures are located close to source of water supply for easy cleaning. (iii) Water is required for irrigation purposes.

Health/Hygiene: (i) Erect livestock units against wind direction. (ii) Locate animal units far away from the dwelling houses to avoid health hazards.

Nearess to Market: (i) Reduces distribution/transport cost. (ii) Exposes products to many buyers. (iii) Reduces the need for farm storage facilities.

Drainage (i) Adequate drainage is important to avoid water logging. (ii) Gentle slope facilitates proper drainage. (iii) Good drainage makes movement easier within the farm.

(d) Reasons for Planning Farmstead: (i) Allows for proper utilisation of resources without wastage. (ii) Makes the farmer to be more responsive to market demand. (iii) Encourages efficiency of farm activities. (iv) It makes coordination and control of farm operations easier.

Correct Answer: A. removal of unnecessary branches of trees crops

Correct Answer: C. Promoting biodiversity conservation

Explanation

Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science that focuses on crop production and soil management. It involves the application of scientific principles and techniques to maximize crop yield and ensure sustainable agricultural practices.

Correct Answer: B. Circular letters

Correct Answer: A. bacteria and fungi

Explanation

a)(i) Definition of a brooder: A brooder is a device in which newly hatched chicks are tended by the provision of heat until they develop enough feathers.

(ii) Characteristics of a good layer:

-Large well developed combs and wattles.

-Bright red and smooth comb and wattles.

-Bright eyes.

-Moist, wide vent/cloaca.

-Thin and pliable pubic bones.

-Expanded, soft and pliable abdomen.

-Absence of broodiness.

-Soft loose skin.

- Must have short clutch.

- Absence of cannibalistic tendencies.

-Bleached shank/beak.

-Glossy plumage.

-Short beak.

-Broad and square head.

(b) Reasons for providing suitable housing for livestock are to:

-Protect animals from rain/cold weather conditions.

-Protect animals from the direct rays of sunlight.

-Restrict the movement of the animals.

-Protect the flock from theft.

-Facilitate management through grouping of livestock according to age and purpose.

- Protect the young ones from danger/predator.

- Prevent indiscriminate mating.

- Ensure maximum utilization of feed and water.

- Facilitate close observation/monitoring/veterinary care.

- Prevent damage of cultivated crops.

- Prevent them from contracting diseases from outside.

- Prevent them from pest infestations.

- Facilitate accurate record keeping.

(c) Scientific names of fish species commonly stocked in a pond :

-Clarias spp.

-Chrysichtys nigrodigitatus

- Gymnarchus niloticus

-Tilapia spp.

-Lates nilotica

- Gyprinus carpio

-Heterotis niloticus

-Labeo spp,

-Heterobranclues spp.

- Hypothmichitys spp.

(d) Qualities of a good pasture

-Ability to regenerate fast after being browsed.

- Ability to withstand trampling effects of the grazing animals.

- Highly palatable.

- High in nutrient value.

- Ability to withstand extremes of climatic conditions.

- Moderate moisture content/succulent.

-High leaf to stem ratio.

Correct Answer: D. l, ll, lll and IV