Explanation

Production of cocoa (Theobroma cacao)

(a) Land preparation

-Select well-drained deep soil, heavy clay-loam/loam with slightly acidic or neutral pH.

- Keep the area protected from strong winds.

-Clear the area manually or mechanically.

- Avoid clean-clearing/some forest/big trees may be left to provide shade for seedlings.

-Leave some plant refuse behind to provide mulch and reduce evaporation.

(b) Climatic requirements

-Cocoa s a humid tropical crop

- Grows best in areas with 1140 - 2000 mm annual rainfall, well distributed most of the year.

-Needs constant supply of moisture.

-Should be protected from strong wind

-Temperature requirement not below 17°C

(c) Planting

-Cocoa trees are usually raised from nurseries. '

-Seeds to be planted in the nurseries must be selected from those freshly harvested pods because seed viability reduces rapidly if kept for long time.

Seeds are planted in small baskets filled with good loamy soil and should be well-watered but not water-logged.

- Keep the baskets with the seeds under shades protected from strong winds.

-Can use plastic buckets instead of basket though their bases should be cut and sides slited open when transplanting.

- Transplanting is ready within 5-9 months after sowing the seeds.

- Planting is usually done at the beginning of the rainy season.

-Spacing is usually 3m x 3m, though this varies with 3 the cultivar.

-When transplaning, dig sufficiently deep and large holes to accommodate the whole ball of earth from basket or plastic bucket.

-After removing the basket/plastic pot, put good loamy soil around the seedling.

- Apply mulch around the seedling.

-Water and provide shades.

- Cocoa seeds may also be planted directly in the field, using initial spacing of 1m x 1m later thinned down to 2m x 2m; and finally 3m.

(d) Diseases of cocoa:

Swollen shoot disease

- Caused by virus.

-Transmitted by mealybugs.

- Cause leaf distortion and vein-clearing on the young leaves.

- Cut and destroy the affected plants.

-Spray the ants with insecticides to get at the bugs.

- Plant resistant varieties.

Blackpod diseases

- Caused by fungus (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya).

-Higher incidence in wet season than dry season because the spores of the fungus are easily dispersed by rain or water.

-Symptoms are brown spots which later turn black and spread over the pods rapidly.

- They destroy the entire pod and the seeds.

Preventive/control measure

- Remove all pod with symptoms and destroy them.

- Spray whole plant with copper fungicides e.g. perenox, once every 3 - 4 weeks.

- Weeding/Pruning to reduce relative humidity.

Correct Answer: D. trophic level

Correct Answer: B. Influenza

Correct Answer: C. efficiency

Explanation

Incompetence; inability to do something successfully; ineptitude.

Efficiency; (of a person) working in a well-organized and competent way.

Correct Answer: A. He caused His angel to go ahead of him

Explanation

(a) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight): A price quoted C.I.F. means that it includes the cost of goods, insurance premium and transporting the goods to the port of destination. The importer is responsible for other charges thereafter.

(b) FOB (Free on Board): All the expenses until the goods have been placed on board of a ship are borne by the seller while the buyer is responsible for the cost of unloading the goods.

(c) FOR (Free on Rail): This price quotation means that the seller has paid all charges including loading the goods on rail. The buyer has to pay subsequent charges.

(d) FAS (Free Alongside Ship): This price quotation means that the goods are delivered to the side of the ship free and the buyer is reponsible for the cost of loading on to the ship.

(e) C.F (Cost and Freight): This quotation means that the seller is only to pay for the freight while the buyer takes out insurance for the goods as the price quoted includes only the cost of the goods and freight charges

Correct Answer: A. a shift in the demand curve

Correct Answer: A. everyone must take holy communion

Correct Answer: A. justify

Explanation

To protect, guard, safeguard, keep from harm, preserve, secure, shield, shelter, screen;

Correct Answer: D. Mr. Hardcastle and Kate about Marlow