Correct Answer: A. an improved

Correct Answer: C. International laws

Explanation

International laws can significantly affect the sovereignty of a state. Sovereignty refers to the full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies. However, international laws, which are designed to regulate relations between states, can limit this sovereignty to some extent. The other options do not have as large an impact on state sovereignty.

Correct Answer: D. Ecological succession because the structure and composition of the community has changed over time.

Explanation

This is an example of ecological succession. While climax community may seem like a reasonable answer, the text describes the entire process from barren rock onwards and does not specifically state that new species are no longer appearing on the island and that the community is stable. Evolution occurs within a species, and while the species on the island may change, the species themselves are not described as changing. This question mentions nothing about genetics, thus we cannot determine whether or not a population bottleneck (a reduction in population that is sudden and reduces genetic diversity) is occurring and we have no evidence that one is.

Explanation

4a. (Joshua 1:1-8)

-When Moses was getting old, he prayed to God to appoint a successor to take over from him

- God then instructed Moses to take Joshua, a man full of the spirit

- Moses brought Joshua before the Priest and the whole of Israel to be commissioned

- God promised that at Joshua's word, Israel shall go out and come in victorious

- After the death of Moses, Joshua took up the leadership of Israel etc.

4b.

- It makes one trustworthy

- It makes one gain respect

- It promotes cordial relationships

- Encourages proper planning

- It prevents conflicts

- It makes it possible for one to be given responsibilities etc.

Correct Answer: C. \(\frac{3}{5}\)

Explanation

Cos (x + y)

= cos x cos y - sin x sin y

cos (x + y) = \(\frac{4}{5} \times \frac{24}{25} - \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{7}{25}\)

= \(\frac{96}{125} - \frac{21}{125} = \frac{96 - 21}{125}\)

= \(\frac{75}{125}\)

= \(\frac{3}{5}\)

Explanation

(a) \(\frac{4\frac{2}{9} - 1\frac{13}{15}}{2\frac{1}{5} + \frac{4}{7} \times 2\frac{1}{3}}\)

\(4\frac{2}{9} - 1\frac{13}{15} = \frac{38}{9} - \frac{28}{15}\)

= \(\frac{190 - 84}{45}\)

= \(\frac{106}{45}\)

\(2\frac{1}{5} + \frac{4}{7} \times 2\frac{1}{3} = \frac{11}{5} + (\frac{4}{7} \times \frac{7}{3})\)

= \(\frac{11}{5} + \frac{4}{3}\)

= \(\frac{33 + 20}{15}\)

= \(\frac{53}{15}\)

\(\therefore \frac{4\frac{2}{9} - 1\frac{13}{15}}{2\frac{1}{5} + \frac{4}{7} \times 2\frac{1}{3}} = \frac{106}{45} \div \frac{53}{15}\)

= \(\frac{106}{45} \times \frac{15}{53}\)

= \(\frac{2}{3}\)

(b) \(\frac{7\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{7}}\)

= \(\frac{7\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{7}} \times \frac{\sqrt{7}}{\sqrt{7}}\)

= \(\frac{7\sqrt{35}}{7}\)

= \(\sqrt{35}\)

Correct Answer: D. speaker is more experienced

Correct Answer: B. N23,000

Correct Answer: C. prevent polarization in the cell

Explanation

(a) Characteristics of natural vegetation associated with the tropical continental climate:

(i) The dominant vegetation cover is grass

(ii) Presence of tall grasses that are fibrous when old

(iii) The trees are deciduous, i.e they sheath, leaves during the dry season to reduce transpiration

(iv) Presence of short scattered trees

(b) Favourable factors for this type of vegetation include:

(i) Low rainfall of about 600-1500cm per annum

(ii) Extremes of temperature which ranges from 21-32°C

(iii) It has an annual temperature range of 11°C

(v) It has high monthly temperature of about 27°C

(v) The vegetation has a single maximum of rainfall