Explanation

(a)(i) Role of green plants are:

(1) They are called producers and are usually most abundant

(2) They mark the beginning of food chain

(3) Green plants can produce carbohydrates during photosynthesis

(4) They use carbon dioxide and water

(5) They harness, utilize or store light energy in the presence of light.

(ii) Role of herbivores:

(1) Herbivores are the primary consumers.

(2) They normally feed or depend directly on plant materials for food.

(3) They build up energy or food for herbivores.

(iii) Role of carnivores:

(1) They are the secondary consumers and are fewer in number

(2) They feed on herbivores or other animals for energy

(3) They are referred to as flesh eating animals

(iv) Role of Decomposers:

(1) They are also called tertiary consumers. They depend or feed on dead organic materials or saprophytes for energy.

(2) They help in the recycling of nutrients.

(b) Description of carbon cycle:

(1) Plants and animal respiration release carbon (iv) oxide to the atmosphere

(2)Plants are eaten by herbivores

(3) Herbivores are eaten by carnivores

(4) Dead organisms decay to release carbon (iv) oxide into the atmosphere

(5) Bacteria respire on some materials they absorb and release carbon (iv) oxide to the atmosphere

(6) Burning of plant or fossils or fuel release carbon (iv) oxide to the air

(7) Carbon (iv) oxide is found in ocean or large body of water, due to respiration which is released when required to maintain the balance.

(8) Green plants absorb atmospheric carbon (iv) oxide to produce food eaten by animals.

(9) Carbon (iv) oxide from the atmosphere dissolves in the ocean or large body of water.

Carbon cycle

Correct Answer: C. Speculative motive

Explanation

Speculative motive: A desire to hold cash in order to be poised to exploit any attractive investment opportunity requiring a cash expenditure that might arise. We hold cash rather than other assets whose values are falling. We hold on to cash to be able to buy them when their prices actually fall. So this is money held to play the market. It is money held to buy (or sell) bonds, depending on one's expectations of future interest rates.

Correct Answer: D. peaceful trade

Correct Answer: D. SO2

Explanation

(a) Explanation of marketing channel: Marketing channel is the sequence of intermediaries and market to through which produce move from the producers to the consumers or the stage through which a produce passes in the market system starting from the producer till it gets to the final consumer.

(ii) Marketing channels for cocoa

-Producers

-Licensed Buying Agents (L.B.As)/Produce buyers

-Marketing boards

-Processors

-Wholesalers

- Retailers

- Consumers

(b) Characteristics of land

- Land is a natural gift.

- Land can appreciate or depreciate in value.

- It is geographically immobile.

- It is abundant in some areas and scarce in other areas.

- It is heterogenous in quality, differing from one place to another in topography, soil texture, and structure, soil fertility, etc.

-Because of its limited supply, land is also subject to the law of diminishing returns.

-Reward for land is rent. Availability is subject to land use Act/Law.

- Its suitability influences output.

-Its value is determined by its location.

-It can be used as collateral for loan.

c) Agricultural Extension Programmes in West Africa

-Agricultural Development Projects

-Agro-service centres.

-Operation Feed Yourself.

-Farm settlement schemes.

-River basin and rural development authorities.

-National agricultural land development agency.

-Directorate for Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI).

-National Fadama development project.

-National Accelerated Food Production Programme.

-Tikonko Agricultural Extension.

-Green Revolution.

- TEKO veterinary service programme.

- Operation Feed Your Industry (OFYI)

- Do It Yourself (TESITO) -

Back to Land

- Operation Feed the Nation.

(d) Advantages of using demonstration as an extension teaching method

- It enables participants to debate issues and make sound judgements about lessons being taught.

-It appeals to logic and reasoning.

-It provides a problem-solving practical experience/ makes learning easier.

-It allows the teaching of a larger number of farmers at the same time.

-Helps to move farmers from the awareness and interest stages of learning to those of trial and adoption/captures the attention of farmers.

-It is more economical in terms of time, energy and other resources compared to other methods.

-Communication is made much easier for the extension officer/agent.

Correct Answer: A. endurance and hardwork

Correct Answer: B. \(\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -5 \\ -1 & 3 \end{pmatrix}\)

Explanation

Let A = \(\begin{pmatrix} 3 & 5 \\ 1 & 2 \end{pmatrix}\)

|A| = (3 x 2 - 5 x 1)

= 6 - 5

= 1

A\(^{-1}\) = \(\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -5 \\ -1 & 3 \end{pmatrix}\)

Correct Answer: D. male and female

Correct Answer: A. is unable to offer shares to the public

Correct Answer: B. Manufacturing