Explanation

(a)Elements that form the external environment of a business:

(i) Political

(ii) Social

(iii) Economic/financial

1. Technological
2. Cultural and Religious

(vi) Infrastructural

(vii) Legal

(viii) Demographical

(ix) Natural/ecological condition

(b) (I)Responsibilities of business to customers

• Prompt attention to customers’ complaints.
• Provision of safe and quality products that satisfy customers’ needs and wants.
• Provision of adequate information on the use of a product.
• Provision of after-sales services to customers especially technical products.

(II)Responsibilities of business to employees

• Compliance with legal requirements relating to the employer-employee relationships.
• It must pay employees their wages and salaries timely.
• It must ensure that enabling and conducive atmosphere prevails at workplaces to enhance productivity.
• It must assist employees to advance on their jobs by providing good training programmes and facilities.
• The welfare of employees must be adequately taken care of.

(III)Responsibilities of business to investors

• Engaging in profitable ventures that will generate the needed dividend or returns on investors’ money.
• Ensuring that investors have a good return on their investment.
• Conducting annual general meetings as contained in the articles of association.
• Preparation and publication of all statutory records i.e. balance sheet and statement of income.

(IV)Responsibilities of business to society

• Creation of employment opportunities to the host community.
• Provision of social amenities such as hospitals, pipe-borne water and electricity.
• Awarding scholarship to deserving individuals in society.
• Organizing sports and games to promote good neighbourliness.
• Provision of quality goods and services to society.
• Maintaining a good environment by controlling pollution and enabling proper waste disposal.

Explanation

(a) REASONS FOR WHICH MANUFACTURERS ADVERTISE THEIR PRODUCTS

(i) It is used to make customers aware and familiar with a product.

(ii) It can be used to introduce a new product in the market.

(iii) It can be used to snatch customers from rival businesses and also prevent existing customers from patronizing the rivals.

(iv) It increases the demand for a product.

(v) Branding is made effective through advertising/Maintain brand loyalty.

(vi) It encourages large scale production by creating mass markets.

(vii) it helps to improve the quality of the product being advertised.

(viii) It helps to educate members of the public on the special features of the products.

(ix) It promotes the image of the manufacturer.

(b) CRITICISM OF ADVERTISING

(i) It adds to the cost of the product.

(ii) It may mislead consumers by making false claims about a product.

(iii) It encourages waste by making consumers buy what they do not actually need.

(iv) It encourages domination of the market by a few big firms that advertise more to the detriment of small firms/ Leads to monopoly.

(v) It perverts the youth by constantly showing falsely glamorous images making them discontented as they cannot live up to those images.

(vi) Some advertisements on commodities like cigarettes, encourage people to consume what is harmful

Correct Answer: D. piecemeal revelation of the Glorious Quran

Correct Answer: C. Huygen

Explanation

The pinhole camera works on the principle of the rectilinear propagation of light. This principle states that light travels in straight lines. When light passes through the tiny hole in a pinhole camera, it forms an inverted image on the opposite side of the camera. The size of the image depends on the distance between the object and the pinhole.

Correct Answer: B) ethene

Correct Answer: A. barreness

Correct Answer: A. nitrogen

Explanation

The density of a gas is directly proportional to its molar mass. This means that gases with a lower molar mass will be less dense than gases with a higher molar mass. Nitrogen (N2) has a molar mass of 28 g/mol, which is less than that of air (approximately 29 g/mol), making it less dense than air.

Correct Answer: D. rice

Correct Answer: A. 220

Explanation

period one income = N1,000- N780 pay out = N220 balance

Correct Answer: C. sodium trioxonitrate (V) and ammonium chloride