Correct Answer: D) before every mitotic division

Explanation

This question is asking about where meiosis occurs in animals. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces sex cells, such as sperm and eggs. The question is asking when this process occurs in animals. Option A suggests that meiosis occurs after fertilization. This is incorrect because fertilization occurs when a sperm cell and an egg cell join together to form a zygote, which then undergoes mitotic divisions. Option B suggests that meiosis occurs after every mitotic division. This is also incorrect because mitosis and meiosis are two different types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four non-identical daughter cells. Option C suggests that meiosis occurs before fertilization. This is the correct answer because meiosis is the process that produces the haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote. Option D suggests that meiosis occurs before every mitotic division. This is incorrect because mitotic divisions produce identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces non-identical daughter cells. Option E suggests that meiosis occurs during fertilization. This is also incorrect because meiosis occurs before fertilization, not during it. In conclusion, the correct answer is option C: before fertilization. Meiosis is the process that produces haploid gametes before they combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

Correct Answer: D. had seen

Explanation

The sentence describes two actions that happened in the past:

1. I (action) him

2. he came into the room

The key phrase is before he came into the room, which tells us that the first action happened *earlier* than the second action.

When we have two actions in the past, and one happened before the other, we use the past perfect tense (had + past participle) for the earlier action and the simple past tense for the later action.

• he came into the room is in the simple past.

• Therefore, the action in the blank should be in the past perfect.

Let's look at the options:

• A. have seen (Present perfect) - This tense connects a past action to the present, which isn't what's needed here.

• B. have not (Incomplete; would be present perfect if completed with a participle like seen) - Incorrect for the same reason as A.

• C. used to see (Describes a past habit) - This doesn't fit the context of a single event happening before another single event.

• D. had seen (Past perfect) - This correctly indicates an action that was completed before another past action.

So the correct sentence is: I had seen him before he came into the room.

The final answer is D

Explanation

(a)(i) Meaning of inventory records: This is a record that gives a full list of assets and liabilities of a farm in that gives both physical and monetary terms.

(ii) Steps involved in the process of taking inventory:

-Identification of assets and liabilities.

- Itemizing of assets and liabiiities.

- Physical counting of each item of asset.

- Assigning monetary value to each asset.

(iii) Ways in which inventory record is important in farm business

- Helps in periodical checking of the movement of farm tools and equipment.

- Helps in identifying damaged tools and equipment.

- Provides data for the preparation of Balance Sheet of a farm.

-Helps in the assessment of the Net-worth of a farm.

- Assists in farm planning and budgeting.

-Assists in farm evaluation.

(b) Objectives of agricultural extension

- Help people living in rural areas to recognize and take interest in their problems.

-Convince people to make themselves available to be taught how to raise their standards of living by their own efforts using their own resources and initiatives/ Encourage local leadership.

- Educate farmers to abandon unproductive traditional ways of farming for improved and scientific farming techniques.

- Help improve the health of rural dwellers through better nutrition using their own farm produce.

- Help accelerate rural development/collection and collation of basic information relating to rural programmes.

-Identification of proper marketing channels

-Help farmers to access and supervise the use of agricultural loans.

- Link farmers with research institutes.

(c) Explanation of agricultural extension methods

(i) Bulletins:

- Bulletins are official statement of news or official announcement sent out to many persons by an extension agent or authority.

- Bulletins serve to teach farmers/remind them of special meetings and may be used by them as reference materials.

(ii) Agricultural shows:

- Is a day set aside for showcasing successful farmer's II m farms and displaying improved agricultural inputs, implements and machinery to farmers.

- They are held in villages, towns and cities and have e nationwide character.

-During such shows, selected farmers, input suppliers and other stakeholders in agriculture display their produce and products for and award.

- Very often processed food are also exhibited.

- It is characterized by festive moods, speeches, addresses and awards.

Explanation

Arabia before Islam

In writing the history of Islam, it is customary to begin with a survey of the political, economic, social and religious conditions of Arabia on the eve of the Proclamation by Muhammad (may God bless him and his Ahlul-Bait) of his mission as Messenger of God.

It is the second convention of the historians (the first being to give a geographical description of the region). I shall also abide by this convention, and will review briefly, the general conditions in Arabia in the late sixth and early seventh century A.D.

Political Conditions in Arabia

The most remarkable feature of the political life of Arabia before Islam was the total absence of political organization in any form. With the exception of Yemen in the south-west, no part of the Arabian peninsula had any government at any time, and the Arabs never acknowledged any authority other than the authority of the chiefs of their tribes. The authority of the tribal chiefs, however, rested, in most cases, on their character and personality, and was moral rather than political.

The modern student of history finds it incredible that the Arabs lived, generation after generation, century after century, without a government of any kind. Since there was no government, there was no law and no order.

The only law of the land was lawlessness. In the event a crime was committed, the injured party took law in its own hands, and tried to administer "justice" to the offender. This system led very frequently to acts of horrendous cruelty.

If the Arab ever exercised any modicum of restraint, it was not because of any susceptibility he had to questions of right or wrong but because of the fear of provoking reprisals and vendetta. Vendetta consumed whole generations of Arabs.

Since there were no such things as police, courts or judges, the only protection a man could find from his enemies, was in his own tribe. The tribe had an obligation to protect its members even if they had committed crimes. Tribalism or 'asabiyya (the clan spirit) took precedence over ethics. A tribe that failed to protect its members from their enemies, exposed itself to ridicule, obloquy and contempt. Ethics, of course, did nggot enter the picture anywhere.

Since Arabia did not have a government, and since the Arabs were anarchists by instinct, they were locked up in ceaseless warfare. War was a permanent institution of the Arabian society. The desert could support only a limited number of people, and the state of inter-tribal war maintained a rigid control over the growth of population. But the Arabs themselves did not see war in this light.

To them, war was a pastime or rather a dangerous sport, or a species of tribal drama, waged by professionals, according to old and gallant codes, while the "audience" cheered. Eternal peace held no appeal for them, and war provided an escape from drudgery and from the monotony of life in the desert.

They, therefore, courted the excitement of the clash of arms. War gave them an opportunity to display their skills at archery, fencing and horsemanship, and also, in war, they could distinguish themselves by their heroism and at the same time win glory and honor for their tribes. In many cases, the Arabs fought for the sake of fighting, whether or not there was a cause belli.

G. E. Grunebaum

"In the century before the rise of Islam the tribes dissipated all their energies in tribal guerrilla fighting, all against all." (Classical Islam - A History 600-1258 - 1970)

The nomadic tribes ranged over the peninsula and plundered the caravans and the small settlements. Many caravans and villages bought immunity from these raids by paying a fixed amount of money to the nomadic freebooters.

It is important to grasp the fact that on the eve of the birth of Islam there was no government at any level in Arabia, and this fact may even have affected the rise of Islam itself.The total absence of government, even in its most rudimentary form, was a phenomenon so extraordinary that it has been noted and commented upon by many orientalists, among them:

D. S. Margoliouth

"Arabia would have remained pagan had there been a man in Mecca who could strike a blow; who would act. But many as were Mohammed's ill-wishers, there was not one of them who had this sort of courage; and (as has been seen) there was no magistracy by which he could be tried." (Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, 1931)

Maxime Rodinson

"Manslaughter carried severe penalties according to the unwritten law of the desert. In practice the free Arabs were bound by no written code of law, and no state existed to enforce its statutes with the backing of a police force.The only protection for a man's life was the certainty established

Correct Answer: B. 11:00 pm

Correct Answer: C. #135

Correct Answer: B. a 90-year old

Explanation

(a) Difference between nationalization and indigenization: Nationalization is the act of bringing industry or part of it under exclusive ownership and control of the state/government while indigenization is a policy initiative designed to accelerate the greater participation of indigenes in the ownership and management of business enterprises in their country.

(b) Advantages of nationalization:

(i) Nationalization leads to standardization of the products of the nationalized industry.

(ii) It ensures that important social services are provided at affordable costs to the consumers.

(iii) It may lead to rationalization and elimination of waste.

(iv) It provides employment opportunities to the citizens.

(v) It ensures the development of local skills and technology in the areas involved.

(vi) Nationalization may mean more efficient production and distribution e.g. water supply.

(vii) To prevent exploitation of consumers/prevention of monopoly.

(b) Disadvantages of Indigenization:

(i) It may lead to retaliation/disharmony/disagreement/conflict among nations/countries.

(ii) Despite indigenization, indigenes still rely heavily on foreign market for machinery, spare parts, raw materials and technology.

(iii) Indigenization has not resulted in corresponding efficiency by the citizens/poor performance.

(iv) Equity control is not matched with management control. Hence management control of the indigenized industries still remains in foreign hands/ fronting.

(v) It discourages foreign investment thereby denying the country of the foreign capital that is needed to stimulate economic growth.

(vi) Indigenization policy tends to be a disincentive to economic development when viewed from the perspective of the rapid decline in domestic output of goods and services.

(vii) The indigenization policy tended to concentrate shares into a few rich individuals who could afford to buy the shares of the indigenized enterprises, thus widening the gap between the rich and the poor.

(viii) Insufficient local funds required for participation in specified enterprises hindered the establishment of indigenized enterprises.

Explanation

Population Distribution in India:

(a) Factors Responsible:

(i) Warm monsoon climate and abundant rainfall

(ii) Ea settlement, early maturity and high fecundity rate

(iii) Has one of the highest population clusters in the world

(iv) Presence of fertile alluvial soil which supports a lot of rice cultivation

(v) Low population concentration in mountainous areas, e.g the Deccan region

(vi) Density is as high as 100 persons per km2

(vii) Recent development it industry, low population in arid regions, e,g the Thar Desert

(viii) Commercial activities

(ix) Development of good network of transport

(b) Advantages;

(i) Revenue accruing to government from income tax

(ii) Large pool of labour

(iii) Military advantage

(iv) High demand for goods and services

(v) Export of manpower to earn foreign exchange

(c) Problem;

(i) High cost of living

(ii) Unemployment and under-development

(iii) Food shortage

(iv) Inadequate hour

(v) High rate of crime

(vi) Occurrence of diseases

(vii) Political and social unrest

(viii) Slum development

Correct Answer: D. Sleep