Correct Answer: A. Close to that of pure water

Correct Answer: C. Type and structure of the property to be insured

Correct Answer: A. open market operations

Correct Answer: D. Java

Correct Answer: B. eluviation

Correct Answer: B. 592cm²

Correct Answer: A. producer association

Correct Answer: B. Al

Explanation

The question asks which of the given metals cannot be extracted from its ore using carbon or carbon(II) oxide as the reducing agent. This depends on the reactivity of the metal. Carbon and carbon monoxide are effective reducing agents for oxides of metals that are less reactive than carbon. For very reactive metals, their oxides are very stable and require stronger reducing agents or electrolytic methods.

Let's consider the reactivity series of metals (a simplified relevant portion):

K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Carbon > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag > Au

Metals above carbon in the reactivity series (like K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al) form very stable oxides that cannot be reduced by carbon or carbon monoxide under normal industrial conditions. Metals below carbon in the reactivity series (like Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu) can typically be extracted from their oxides using carbon or carbon monoxide as a reducing agent.

Let's analyze each option:

A. Cu (Copper): Copper is below carbon in the reactivity series. Copper oxide (CuO) can be reduced by carbon (e.g., 2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO2) or carbon monoxide (e.g., CuO + CO → Cu + CO2). So, copper can be extracted this way.

B. Al (Aluminum): Aluminum is a very reactive metal, much higher than carbon in the reactivity series. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is very stable and cannot be reduced by carbon or carbon monoxide. Aluminum is commercially extracted by the electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide (Hall-Héroult process). So, aluminum cannot be extracted this way.

C. Zn (Zinc): Zinc is below carbon but above some other common metals like iron, lead, and copper. Zinc oxide (ZnO) can be reduced by carbon at high temperatures (e.g., ZnO + C → Zn + CO). So, zinc can be extracted this way.

D. Pb (Lead): Lead is below carbon in the reactivity series. Lead oxide (PbO) can be reduced by carbon (e.g., PbO + C → Pb + CO) or carbon monoxide (e.g., PbO + CO → Pb + CO2). So, lead can be extracted this way.

Based on the reactivity series, Aluminum (Al) is the metal whose oxide is too stable to be reduced by carbon or carbon monoxide.

The final answer is B

Correct Answer: B. clay

Explanation

Rinderpest: (i) Animals attacked: cattle, goat, sheep. (ii) Causal organism: virus

(iii) Mode of transmission: This can be transmitted through contact with materials contaminated with discharge from lesions and direct contact with infected animals.

(iv) Symptoms: Higher fever, difficulty in breathing, pus with blood oozes from lesions, blood stain diarrhoea, weakness or inactivity, lesions (sores) on mucus membranes of the nose, mouth, anus, and around the eye.

(v) Control: There would be yearly vaccination with tissue cultured rinderpest vaccine, Animals affected would be isolated. Affected animals would be killed burnt or buried.

Newcastle: (i) Animals attacked: fowl/chicken, turkeys, Guinea fowl, pigeons.

(ii) Causal organisms: virus

(iii) Mode of transmission: The disease can be transmitted through ingestion of infected feed and water, direct contact with infected animals and contact with contaminated materials e.g. litters.

(iv) Symptoms: paralysis, drastic loss of weight, breathing difficulty, droopiness, voiding of green, foul smelling watery faeces, loss of appetite, coughing and sneezing, purplish wattles and combs, neck -twisting (Torticolis) leading somersaulting, mucus discharge from eye and nostrils, drop in egg production and abnormal shape of the head.

(v) Control: vaccination with new castle disease vaccine), sanitation, culling, eliminate all stock, burn or bury dead birds and isolate or cull diseased animals