Explanation

(a)(i) The sediment is a sample of water can be removed by filtration, decantation or centrifuging.

(ii) Acid washing soda Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\) or pass it through an ion exchange resin or add calculated amount of Ca(OH)\(_2\).

(iii) To obtain water from muddy water, distil it

(iv) Bubble the air through alkaline pyrogallol or pass it over burning phosphorus or hot copper (I). To remove moisture from air, pass it through a U - tube containing concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) or fused CaCl\(_2\) or silica gel or P\(_2\)O\(_5\) or Quicklime.

(b)(i) Alums are double salts.

(ii) Alum is used for coagulation of fine / colloidal particles in water treatment plants.

(iii) It will not lather readily with soap. The reason is that the CO\(_2\) present in the atmosphere and in the rain water react with the limestone and convert it to Ca(HCO\(_3\))\(_2\) which renders the water temporarily hard. OR CaCO\(_3\) + H\(_2\)O + CO\(_2\) -> Ca(HCO\(_3\))\(_2\)

(c)(i) MnO\(_2\) + 4HCI -> MnCl\(_2\) + Cl\(_2\) + 2H\(_2\)O.

OR 2KMnO\(_4\) + 16HCI \(\to\) 2MnCl\(_2\) + 2KCI + 8H\(_2\)O + 5Cl\(_2\)

(ii) The products of the reaction of chlorine with hot concentrated NaOH are NaCI, NaCl and water i.e (sodium chloride, sodium c'ilorate or sodium trioxochlorate (V).

(iii) The paper turns red or pink and turns white (bleached)

(iv) Ca(OH)\(_2\) + Cl\(_2\) -.> CaOCl\(_2\). H\(_2\)O. From equation 22.4 dm\(^3\) of Cl\(_2\) at STP reacts completely with 1 mole of Ca(OH)\(_3\).

Molar mass of Ca(OH)\(_2\) is 40 + (2 x 16) + (2 x 1) g = 74g

Vol. of CI\(_2\) that will react with 3.7g of slaked lime = \(\frac{22.4 \times 3.7}{74}\) = 1.12 dm\(^3\)

(d)(i) On warming NH\(_4\)NO, with NaOH, a colourless gas, with choking or pungent smell is evolved.

(ii) (NH\(_4\))\(_2\) CO\(_3\) leaves no residueon being heated strongly because it decomposes into gaseous (NH\(_4\))\(_2\) CO\(_3\) -> 2NH\(_3\) + CO\(_2\) + H\(_2\)O.

Explanation

(A) REASONS WHY CHRISTIANS SHOULD REMAIN LOYAL TO THEIR MASTERS IN ALL SITUATIONS — (1 PETER 2:18-25)

i. Christians should be law-abiding and have respect for constituted authorities.

ii. Christians should discharge their civic duties and responsibilities promptly to all men/masters even if they were gentle or harsh towards them.

iii. Peter taught that a good Christian should submit himself and respect every human institution, including the authorities of the state, e.g. Governors, etc.

iv. For it is God who appointed kings to punish wrongdoers and to reward those who do good.

v. He stressed that the Christians' good behaviour would put to shame the ignorance of foolish men.

vi. As men who have been liberated from the curse of the law, a good Christian citizen should live as a freeman without using his freedom as a pretext for evil.

vii. But rather, he should live as an obedient servant of God.

viii. Besides, he should respect every man and love the brotherhood of believers.

ix. Furthermore, he should fear God and honour the king and rulers.

x. Peter cited the case of the unjust suffering of Christ as an example worthy of emulation / He was sinless yet without retaliation

x. Jesus did not threaten his persecutors but trusted in God who would give the right judgment at the end.

xii. Jesus died for our sins and by His wounds, we are healed.

xiii. According to James, we were straying like sheep but Jesus our shepherd showed us the way.

xiv. Christian servants should therefore follow the good example of Jesus in all things.

(B) VIRTUES WORTHY OF PRACTICE BY CHRISTIANS

i. Patience.

ii. Obedience.

iii. Endurance.

iv. Love/Kindness.

v. Faithfulness.

vi. Respect/Fear of God.

vii. Perseverance.

viii. Forgiveness

ix. Honesty/Sincerity/Integrity/Truthfulness.

x. Patriotism/Loyalty.

xi. Humility.

xii. Righteousness/Holiness/Purity.

xiii. Pervert/Persistent prayer.

xiv. Chastity.

Correct Answer: (b) Modest

Correct Answer: A. records the highest number of votes cast

Correct Answer: A. region of darkness and death

Correct Answer: D. conform to the general formula C_x(H₂O)_y

Explanation

The correct answer is D. conform to the general formula C_x(H₂O)_y.

Explanation:

The term carbohydrate literally means hydrate of carbon. Chemically, many carbohydrates have formulas that fit the general empirical formula C_x(H₂O)_y.

Both glucose and fructose have the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆, which can be written as C₆(H₂O)₆, fitting this definition.

Correct Answer: D) Carboxylic acid

Explanation

In this chemical equation, you can see two compounds reacting with each other:

1. CH\(_3\)CO\(_2\)H: This is acetic acid, which has a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a methyl group (CH\(_3\). The carboxyl group is the functional group responsible for its acidic properties.

2. CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\)OH: This is ethanol, which has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an ethyl group (CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\). The hydroxyl group is the functional group responsible for its alcohol properties.

When these two compounds react, they form an ester. The functional group present and relevant in this reaction is the carboxyl group, as it is present in the acetic acid and is responsible for the formation of the ester.

Thus, the correct answer isOption D: Carboxylic acid.

Correct Answer: b. Animals

Correct Answer: C. tercet

Correct Answer: C. longitudinal waves

Explanation

Polarization is a property specific to transverse waves. It describes the orientation of the oscillations perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. For a wave to be polarized, its oscillations must be confined to a specific plane or direction.

Let's analyze the options in the context of Vibration in a stretched spring cannot be polarized:

• A. stationary waves: Stationary waves (or standing waves) are formed by the superposition of two waves traveling in opposite directions. They can be either transverse (like on a vibrating string) or longitudinal (like sound waves in a pipe). Being a stationary wave does not inherently prevent polarization if the underlying waves are transverse.

• B. transverse waves: Transverse waves *can* be polarized. If a stretched spring is vibrated perpendicular to its length, it generates transverse waves, and these waves *can* be polarized (e.g., by shaking it purely up-down or purely side-to-side). Therefore, this option contradicts the premise that the vibration cannot be polarized.

• C. longitudinal waves: Longitudinal waves are waves in which the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Since the displacement is along the direction of propagation, there is no perpendicular direction of oscillation to orient or polarize. Sound waves are a classic example of longitudinal waves, and they cannot be polarized. A stretched spring can support longitudinal waves (compressions and rarefactions traveling along its length). If the vibration in question is a longitudinal one, then it cannot be polarized. This option fits the premise.

• D. mechanical waves: Mechanical waves are waves that require a medium to propagate. Both transverse waves (like waves on a string) and longitudinal waves (like sound waves) are mechanical waves. Since some mechanical waves (transverse waves) *can* be polarized, being a mechanical wave is not the reason why a vibration *cannot* be polarized.

The question implies that there's a type of vibration in a stretched spring that fundamentally cannot be polarized. This is true for longitudinal waves. While a stretched spring *can* also support transverse waves (which *can* be polarized), the phrasing cannot be polarized points to the characteristic of longitudinal vibrations.

The final answer is C