Correct Answer: A. hydrogen bonding

Explanation

Alkanols (alcohols) have a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. The hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group is bonded to a highly electronegative oxygen atom. This creates a strong permanent dipole and allows for the formation of hydrogen bonds between alkanol molecules.

Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of intermolecular force. When a substance boils, energy is required to overcome these intermolecular forces and separate the molecules into the gas phase. Because hydrogen bonds are strong, more energy is required to overcome them, leading to higher boiling points compared to compounds of similar molar mass that only exhibit weaker intermolecular forces (like van der Waals forces or simple dipole-dipole interactions).

Let's look at the other options:

• B. Metallic bonding: This type of bonding is found in metals, not organic compounds like alkanols.

• C. Covalent bonding: This refers to the bonds *within* a molecule (intramolecular forces), not the forces *between* molecules that are overcome during boiling.

• D. Ionic bonding: This type of bonding occurs between oppositely charged ions, typically in salts, not in molecular compounds like alkanols.

Therefore, the unexpectedly high boiling points of alkanols are attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The final answer is A

Correct Answer: A. import duties

Correct Answer: D. \(y = x^{3} - 2x^{2} + 16\)

Explanation

The gradient of a curve is gotten by differentiating the equation of the curve. Therefore, given the gradient, integrate to get the equation of the curve back.

\(\frac{\mathrm d y}{\mathrm d x} = 3x^{2} - 4x\)

\(y = \int {(3x^{2} - 4x)} \mathrm {d} x = \frac{3x^{2+1}}{2+1} - \frac{4x^{1+1}}{1+1} + c\)

= \(x^{3} - 2x^{2} + c \)

To find c (the constant of integration), when x = -2, y = 0

\(0 = (-2^{3}) - 2(-2^{2}) + c\)

\(0 = -8 - 8 + c \implies c = 16\)

\(\therefore y = x^{3} - 2x^{2} + 16\)

Correct Answer: D. Cocoa, oil palm and rubber

Correct Answer: B) vertical integration

Explanation

Vertical integration refers to a situation where a company acquires or merges with another company that operates at a different stage of the production or distribution process. In this case, firms that were previously separate and operating at different stages, such as manufacturing, distribution, or retail, come together under one ownership.

This integration allows the company to have control over multiple stages of the production process, which can lead to cost savings, increased efficiency, and improved coordination. For example, a company that manufactures cars may decide to vertically integrate by acquiring a tire manufacturing company and a car dealership. By doing so, they can ensure a steady supply of tires for their cars and have direct access to the retail market.

In the given options, vertical integration is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the combination of firms operating at different stages in the same industry. The other options, such as conglomeration, horizontal integration, and cartel, do not accurately describe this particular scenario.

To learn more about vertical integration and other business strategies, please read the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.

Correct Answer: A. oceanliners

Correct Answer: (C) were

Correct Answer: B. troposphere

Explanation

At the initial state, F\(_1\) = F\(_1\) . Therefore their resultant equal zero. At the placement of camphor F\(_1\) becomes less than F\(_2\) . Their resultant (F\(_2\) - F\(_1\)) makes the toy boat to move forward.

Correct Answer: A. danger and confusion