Correct Answer: A. sharp

Correct Answer: C. large quantity of decayed leaves

Explanation

(a) Explanation of management practices in animal production: (i) Steaming up: This is a process of giving highly nutritious diet to a pregnant animal for a few weeks before parturition to stimulate milk synthesis and secretion. (ii) Culling: This is the removal of unproductive or diseased or abnormal animal from the flock to prevent spread of diseases or create enough space for better production/performance. (iii) Candling: This is the process by which hatchable eggs are placed on a device called candler with a high light source below it in a dark room to reveal the presence or absence of developing embryo. This is normally done before the eggs are placed in an i incubator and mid-way during incubation to detect the presence of dead embryos. (iv) Weaning: This is the separation of the young animals from their mothers so that they can feed on their own and be independent of their mothers breast milk. (v) Tattooing: This involves the imprinting of signs/numbers/letters on the body or ears of animals and rubbing the imprinted marks with dye or paints to bring them out clearly for easy identification. (vi) Creep feeding: This is the placement of more nutritious feed for young animals out of the reach of their mothers in a compartment within the same pen called cribs for good growth and early weaning.

(b) Signs of heat in animals: (1) Restlessness (2) Mucus discharge from vulva. (3) Attempting to mount other animals in the herd. (4) Reddened vulva. (5) Loss of appetite. (6) Tendency to urinate fequently. (7) Undue noise making/grunting. (8) Standing still to be mounted. (9) Slight increase in body temperature. (10) Frequent tail shaking in goat.

(c) Reasons for castrating farm animals: (1) Helps to control indiscriminate mating. (2) Helps to quicken the fattening up of the animal. (3) Removes the characteristic male odour caused by the production of testosterone. (4) Animal becomes more docile and easy to handle. (5) Leads to better carcass quality. (6) Leads to higher feed conversion ratio. (7) To prevent male animal with bad trait from being used for breeding purposes.

Correct Answer: D. called-up capital

Correct Answer: C. It may not perform maximally

Correct Answer: B. Allopatric speciation occurs when species are separated geographically whereas sympatric speciation occurs without geographical separation.

Explanation

Allopatric speciation occurs when two populations are separated geographically and diverge over time due to natural selection, genetic drift, and mutations. This may be due to a mountain range forming, a river, or any sort of geographic barrier. Sympatric speciation involves populations diverging without any sort of geographical barrier. Both occur today and both likely occurred in the past as well.

Explanation

(a)(i) Peasant farming: This type is practised by peasant farmers on small farm holdings. The output of the farm is both for subsistence and for sale. The labour is mostly supplied by the farmer and his family. Simple farm implements are used.

(ii) Cooperative farming: refers to the farming activity where farmers of the same agricultural produce form an association and pool resources together in order to enjoy certain incentives from government and produce on a large scale. They also provide marketing facilities for their produce.

(b) Government can assist peasant farming through:

(i) Establishment of rural and agricultural banks to provide credit facilities for the peasant farmers.

(ii) Provision of subsidies: Farming inputs and equipments should be sold to the farmers at subsidized rates.

(iii) Control of pests and diseases: Farmers should be assisted by the government to control diseases and fight pests. Chemicals and pesticides should be supplied at subsidized rates.

(iv) The provision of infrastructural facilities in the rural areas to stem rural-urban migration so as to retain labour for agricultural purpose.

(v) Land reforms which make larger land available to the farmers should be implemented.

(vi) Provision of storage facilities. e.g. silos, sold room etc so as to minimize post-harvest losses.

(vii) Employment of extension workers to provide training for the farmers.

(viii) Marketing facilities should be made available e.g. improved transportation, establishment of market stalls in rural areas.

(ix) Implementation of adequate pricing policy to stabilize farmers' incomes.

(x) Establishment of agro-based industries to make use of farm produce.

Correct Answer: D. road, sea and rail

Correct Answer: C. identifying the source of diseases

Correct Answer: B. risen