Explanation

(a)Similarities between monopolistic competition and perfect competition are:

(i) There is free entry and exit in both markets.

(ii) There is excess profit for both in the short run.

(iii) There is a large number of firms in the industry.

(iv) Profit is maximized when MC equals MR.

(b) Differences between perfect and monopolistic competition are:

(i) There is product differentiation under monopolistic competition but the goods are homogenous under perfect competition.

(ii) Perfect competition is a price taker but monopolistic competition has some degree of control over price or output.

(iii) There is idle capacity under monopolistic competition but not under perfect competition in the short run.

(iv) The equilibrium level under perfect competition is established where MC = MR = P, but under monopolistic competition, the price will be higher than both MC and MR. (v) Monopolistic competition is a reality but perfect competition does not exist in real life situation.

Correct Answer: D. President

Correct Answer: D. Severe Ammunitions Limitation Treaty

Correct Answer: C. forbearance

Explanation

Four reasons for the European Colonisation of West Africa:

(i)They were in search of new markets fcr legitimate trade.

(ii) Extension of cultural heritage e.g. The French wanted to extend their self acclaimed agriculture to Africa hence their policy of assimilation.

(iii) To provide security for their traders, trade routes and workers

(iv) To halt slave trade and slavery.

(v) To find outlets for surplus capital.

(vi) Search for raw materials for home industries.

(vii) To acquire more colonies for their glory and prestige

(viii) To find employment for displaced Europeans

Correct Answer: D. exonerated

Correct Answer: B. commended

Explanation

applauded ; show approval or praise by clapping.

Correct Answer: B. mangrove swamps

Explanation

The Leader and the Led by Professor Niyi Osundare is an allegorical poem that avers the kind of leadership in Africa and what leadership ought to be. The poem establishes the cat and mice relationship that exists between African leaders and their followers.

The poet's African origin and the siting of the tropics as the meeting place of the animals unmistakably point Africa as the point of reference in the poem. The poet no doubt addresses the eyesore of leadership deficiency Africa as a continent is plagued with. Osundare first addresses the issues of bad leadership, leadership ineptitude, and gross misgovernance which have become the rallying cries for many short-changed African followers. The poet, as he does, examines the kind of relationship that exists between African leaders and their followers. He then typifies the type of leadership peculiar to African countries since their purported independence from European colonialists.

The poet uses the attributes, bodily features and predatory ability of some of the contending animals as proofs of the leadership inadequacies Africa is beset with. In the lion and the hyena, Osundare shows African leaders as exploiters and oppressors. With their powers, they exploit Africa and its citizenry of resources and oppress the people they are supposed to lead. This makes them ideal replacements of their equally exploiting colonial masters. In the the typical ways of the lion and the hyena, these leaders endanger the lives of those whom they have sworn to protect. In the lion, the poet uses the ferocious pounce of his paws on antelopes as an analogy of the deliberate and calculated oppression of the citizenry by the machinery of the state. The poet also portrays the elitism of African leaders typified by the farness of the giraffe's eyes from the ground. African leaders are only close to the people before assuming power or when they are seeking for votes into elective posts. Once they assume power, they distance themselves from the masses. In the zebra, the poet references the dubiousness and deceptiveness of African leaders. Using the duplicity of his stripes as a focal point, the poet posits that African leaders can not be trusted to do anything right or taken for what they say or on the face value because behind their sugar-coated lies are several ulterior motives. Like the pack of animals, the people are justifiably suspicious of their leaders' duplicity.

No doubt, Niyi Osundare's The Leader and the Led has done justice in its depiction of the type of leadership in Africa. The poem figuratively describes African leaders as ferocious, lethal in appetite, duplicitous, greedy, riotous and trampling. The poem, however, offers insights on what ideal leadership is. It says ideal leadership embodies transparency, compassion, humility, legitimacy, the will to govern, the readiness to listen to the followers, and a balance between ideas on the opposite sides of the fringe.

Correct Answer: C) cost to date / estimated cost of contract